Vehicle Keyless Authentication Element with Motion Sensor for Relay Attack Prevention

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing keyless entry systems for vehicles are vulnerable to relay attacks, which allow unauthorized access and starting of vehicles by extending the radio link between the key and the vehicle, without requiring the actual key to be present within the usual distance, compromising security, especially affecting the emergency start function.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating an authentication element with a transponding interface for energy and data transmission, a sensor element for detecting movement and inclination, and a signal processing and forwarding device to transmit authentication signals only when specific conditions are met, ensuring that the vehicle can only be started by the authorized owner based on their unique movement and inclination data.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the emergency start function allows the vehicle to be started by supplying energy to the authentication element via transformer coupling, then the availability and reliability of the starting function is improved, but the system becomes vulnerable to relay attacks where the radio link is extended using intermediate antennas

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveavailability of emergency start functionVSAvoidvulnerability to relay attacks
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a sensor element as an intermediary that detects physical characteristics (acceleration, inclination) of the authentication element. This intermediary verification mechanism mediates between the energy supply function and security requirements, allowing the emergency start to proceed only when both energy transfer and sensor verification succeed, thereby preventing relay attacks while maintaining availability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the verification parameters from purely radio-based authentication to include physical parameter verification through sensor elements. By monitoring acceleration and inclination parameters, the system ensures that the authentication element is physically present in the correct position, making relay attacks impossible since the physical characteristics cannot be replicated through radio extension

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of operation

If the authentication element transmits authentication signals via the transponding interface when supplied with energy, then the ease of operation for emergency start is improved, but the security against unauthorized access deteriorates due to relay attack vulnerability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehands-free emergency start capabilityVSAvoidsecurity against relay attacks
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The sensor element performs preliminary verification of the authentication element's physical state before authentication signals are transmitted. The acceleration and inclination are checked in advance to confirm proper positioning, so that even if energy is supplied and the transponding interface is activated, no authentication signal is transmitted unless the physical verification succeeds first

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The sensor element acts as an intermediary verification layer between the energy supply and the authentication signal transmission. It mediates the process by requiring both energy availability and physical verification, thereby maintaining ease of operation for legitimate users while blocking relay attacks

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Prevents relay attacks on the emergency start function by ensuring that the vehicle can only be started when the authorized owner's authentication element is present and correctly positioned, enhancing security and preventing unauthorized access.

Implementation Method 1

the authentication element (1) is supplied with energy by means of transformer coupling, so that a so-called challenge/response communication can be carried out between the vehicle and the authentication element (1)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic coupling: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

which has a sensor element (3) for detecting a movement and/or inclination

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSensor detection: Accelerometer

Data Source

PatentEP3294593B1Access and driving authorization system with improved security against relay attacks directed to the transponder interface
Publication Date: 2020.10.21 HELLA GMBH & CO KGAA
  • EP3294593B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3294593B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The invention relates to an authentication element (1), in particular keyless go element for a vehicle (20), comprising a transponder interface (2) for transmitting an authentication signal and for receiving power and data, and a sensor element (3) for detecting a movement and/or inclination, the authentication element (1) being designed such that authentication signals are transmitted via the transponder interface (2) when the sensor element (3) detects a deposited movement and/or inclination. The invention further relates to an authorization system (30) for vehicles, comprising at least one authentication element (1) and a device (10), and to a method for verifying an authorization request in an authentication element (1) of a vehicle having said authorization system (30) intended by a user.