Autonomous Vehicle Beam Alignment for Precise Heading Positioning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Autonomous vehicles face challenges in achieving high precision positioning and alignment within environments lacking reference objects, particularly in construction and industrial applications, where existing global positioning systems are insufficient for accurate orientation and interaction with the environment.
Innovation Solution
The method involves using first and second signal beam emitters on the vehicle, aligned with predefined alignment targets, to emit and monitor signal beams, allowing for automatic or manual adjustment of the vehicle's position and orientation based on return signal intensity and path length, enabling precise alignment with the environment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If global positioning systems (UWB beacons) are used to monitor the position of autonomous vehicles, then the global position can be determined, but the vehicle cannot achieve accurate alignment and orientation with the environment itself
Solution Approach 1:
Alignment targets are introduced as intermediary objects in the environment to mediate between the vehicle's positioning system and the physical environment. These targets serve as reference points that enable the vehicle to align itself with the environment by providing detectable features for orientation and positioning adjustments
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical alignment tools (such as total stations) with an optical/electromagnetic detection system using signal beam emitters and detectors. This substitution enables automated alignment through electronic detection of alignment targets rather than manual mechanical measurement
2Manufacturing precision
If complex equipment like total stations is used to achieve accurate positioning, then alignment precision can be improved, but the device complexity and operational complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The autonomous vehicle performs its own alignment operation autonomously by detecting alignment targets and automatically adjusting its position and orientation. The system uses onboard signal beam emitters and detectors to self-correct alignment without requiring external operators or complex manual equipment
Solution Approach 2:
The system achieves precise alignment by detecting and responding to changes in signal parameters (such as beam intensity, path length, or return signal characteristics) from alignment targets. By monitoring these parameter variations, the vehicle can determine its alignment status and make necessary adjustments
3Manufacturing precision
If manual alignment procedures are used, then the vehicle can be positioned, but the time required for alignment and the operational complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements a feedback mechanism where the vehicle emits signal beams toward alignment targets, detects the return signals or beam characteristics, and uses this information to automatically adjust its position and orientation. This closed-loop feedback enables rapid iterative correction of alignment without manual intervention
Solution Approach 2:
Manual alignment operations are replaced with automated electronic detection and control systems. The vehicle uses onboard sensors and processors to automatically detect alignment targets, calculate position errors, and execute correction maneuvers, eliminating the need for manual operation with complex surveying equipment
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach achieves accurate alignment with a heading accuracy of ±0.0023° for a 50m path length, reducing the need for complex equipment like total stations and allowing the vehicle to maintain alignment across multiple floors without realignment of UWB beacons.
Implementation Method 1
a first sensor on the vehicle to monitor a first return signal beam from the first alignment target
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A~2B
Figure 3~4
AI summary
In an example, a method comprises, for an autonomous vehicle: coarsely positioning a first signal beam emitter located on the vehicle in line with a first alignment target and coarsely positioning a second signal beam emitter located on the vehicle in line with a second alignment target, wherein the first and second alignment targets are each aligned with a predefined grid. The method may include emitting a first signal beam from the first signal beam emitter towards the first alignment target and emitting a second signal beam from the second signal beam emitter towards the second alignment target. The method may further include monitoring a first return signal beam from the first alignment target and adjusting at least one of a position and an orientation of the vehicle based at least in part on the first return signal beam and determining that alignment is complete based at least in part on the first return signal beam.