Autonomous Vehicle Beam Alignment for Precise Heading Positioning

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Solution Overview

Problem

Autonomous vehicles face challenges in achieving high precision positioning and alignment within environments lacking reference objects, particularly in construction and industrial applications, where existing global positioning systems are insufficient for accurate orientation and interaction with the environment.

Innovation Solution

The method involves using first and second signal beam emitters on the vehicle, aligned with predefined alignment targets, to emit and monitor signal beams, allowing for automatic or manual adjustment of the vehicle's position and orientation based on return signal intensity and path length, enabling precise alignment with the environment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If global positioning systems (UWB beacons) are used to monitor the position of autonomous vehicles, then the global position can be determined, but the vehicle cannot achieve accurate alignment and orientation with the environment itself

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveglobal position determinationVSAvoidalignment precision with environment
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

Alignment targets are introduced as intermediary objects in the environment to mediate between the vehicle's positioning system and the physical environment. These targets serve as reference points that enable the vehicle to align itself with the environment by providing detectable features for orientation and positioning adjustments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical alignment tools (such as total stations) with an optical/electromagnetic detection system using signal beam emitters and detectors. This substitution enables automated alignment through electronic detection of alignment targets rather than manual mechanical measurement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Manufacturing precision

If complex equipment like total stations is used to achieve accurate positioning, then alignment precision can be improved, but the device complexity and operational complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment precisionVSAvoidequipment complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The autonomous vehicle performs its own alignment operation autonomously by detecting alignment targets and automatically adjusting its position and orientation. The system uses onboard signal beam emitters and detectors to self-correct alignment without requiring external operators or complex manual equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The system achieves precise alignment by detecting and responding to changes in signal parameters (such as beam intensity, path length, or return signal characteristics) from alignment targets. By monitoring these parameter variations, the vehicle can determine its alignment status and make necessary adjustments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If manual alignment procedures are used, then the vehicle can be positioned, but the time required for alignment and the operational complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidalignment time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements a feedback mechanism where the vehicle emits signal beams toward alignment targets, detects the return signals or beam characteristics, and uses this information to automatically adjust its position and orientation. This closed-loop feedback enables rapid iterative correction of alignment without manual intervention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

Manual alignment operations are replaced with automated electronic detection and control systems. The vehicle uses onboard sensors and processors to automatically detect alignment targets, calculate position errors, and execute correction maneuvers, eliminating the need for manual operation with complex surveying equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves accurate alignment with a heading accuracy of ±0.0023° for a 50m path length, reducing the need for complex equipment like total stations and allowing the vehicle to maintain alignment across multiple floors without realignment of UWB beacons.

Implementation Method 1

a first sensor on the vehicle to monitor a first return signal beam from the first alignment target

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3966654B1Positioning autonomous vehicles
Publication Date: 2024.07.31 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3966654B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3966654B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3966654B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

In an example, a method comprises, for an autonomous vehicle: coarsely positioning a first signal beam emitter located on the vehicle in line with a first alignment target and coarsely positioning a second signal beam emitter located on the vehicle in line with a second alignment target, wherein the first and second alignment targets are each aligned with a predefined grid. The method may include emitting a first signal beam from the first signal beam emitter towards the first alignment target and emitting a second signal beam from the second signal beam emitter towards the second alignment target. The method may further include monitoring a first return signal beam from the first alignment target and adjusting at least one of a position and an orientation of the vehicle based at least in part on the first return signal beam and determining that alignment is complete based at least in part on the first return signal beam.