Multi-Unit Vehicle Control Allocation for Distributed Propulsion

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional control systems for multi-unit vehicle combinations, particularly those with distributed propulsion and energy storage, often fail to account for global factors, leading to underdetermined control issues due to over-actuation, as they are typically tailored to specific configurations and address the problem on a unit level.

Innovation Solution

A system and method that determine a virtual control input for the vehicle combination based on global factors, including power management and target motion parameters, using a target generator, power manager, and combination control allocator to adapt control allocation to different configurations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If traditional control allocation methods are used for multi-unit vehicle combinations, then each unit is controlled independently, but the system lacks coordinated control capability and cannot optimize overall vehicle performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoordinated control capabilityVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The control system is segmented into multiple control units, each responsible for a specific vehicle unit (e.g., tractor, trailer, semitrailer). Each control unit independently calculates control allocations for its associated actuator, enabling distributed coordinated control while maintaining system modularity and avoiding centralized complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a hierarchical control architecture that adds a temporal dimension to control allocation. The dynamic control allocation considers future control demands and current actuator states across multiple time steps, transforming the control problem from static to dynamic optimization across the time dimension.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Productivity

If dynamic control allocation considering actuator states and future demands is implemented, then control optimization is improved, but computational complexity and processing time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol optimization efficiencyVSAvoidcontrol calculation time
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The control system performs preliminary calculations by predicting future control demands and actuator states ahead of time. The dynamic control allocation algorithm pre-computes optimal control allocations considering anticipated vehicle dynamics and actuator constraints, reducing real-time computational burden while maintaining optimization quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a dynamic control allocation framework that continuously adapts control allocations based on real-time actuator states and predicted future demands. The system dynamically adjusts control signals across multiple time steps, optimizing performance while respecting actuator constraints through time-varying control strategies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If centralized control allocation is used for all vehicle units, then coordinated control is achieved, but system reliability decreases due to single point of failure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoordinated control capabilityVSAvoidsystem reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The control architecture is segmented into multiple independent control units, each managing its associated vehicle unit. This distributed segmentation eliminates single points of failure, as each control unit can operate independently if others fail, while still achieving coordinated control through inter-unit communication and shared optimization objectives.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary optimization layer that coordinates between distributed control units. This intermediary layer facilitates information exchange and cooperative optimization without creating a centralized control point, allowing control units to achieve coordinated performance while maintaining independence and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP4536525B1Method of control allocation for multi-unit vehicle combinations
Publication Date: 2026.05.06 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4536525B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4536525B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4536525B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A computer-implemented method (400) for controlling a vehicle combination (100) comprising a tractor unit and at least one trailing unit is disclosed. The method comprises: determining (406) a power allocation input for the vehicle combination based on a reference input for the vehicle combination and a power capability of one or more units (110) of the vehicle combination; determining (410) a virtual control input for the vehicle combination based on the reference input; and determining (412, 414, 416) a control input for the vehicle combination based on the power allocation input and the virtual control input. A corresponding computer program product, control system, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, computer system and vehicle are also disclosed.