Vehicle Electric System Branch Segmentation for Voltage Stabilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing vehicle on-board electrical systems face challenges in stabilizing voltage, particularly due to dynamic high-current consumers like starters, which can cause fluctuations that endanger sensitive consumers such as ABS and low beam systems, leading to potential system failures and increased costs from larger energy storage and generator performance requirements.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a three-branch on-board electrical system with dynamic and sensitive consumers separated by controllable switching devices and a DC/DC converter, allowing bidirectional current flow for voltage stabilization, energy transfer, and redundancy, using semiconductor transistors and diodes for efficient switching and energy management.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If dynamic high-current consumers and sensitive consumers are connected to the same electrical branch, then the system structure is simple, but voltage fluctuations from dynamic consumers endanger sensitive consumers
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical system is divided into a first branch for dynamic high-current consumers and a second branch for sensitive consumers. Controllable switching devices are placed between the branches to enable isolated operation, preventing voltage fluctuations from affecting sensitive consumers while maintaining system reliability.
2Reliability
If larger energy storage and generator components are used, then voltage stabilization is improved, but system cost and component size increase
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting the electrical system into separate branches with controlled switching, voltage stabilization is achieved through intelligent power management rather than simply increasing component size. This allows for smaller energy storage and generator components while maintaining reliable voltage levels.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically changes operational parameters by controlling the switching states between branches based on load conditions. This enables adaptive voltage stabilization that responds to real-time demands without requiring oversized components designed for worst-case scenarios.
3Reliability
If unidirectional switching devices are used between branches, then protection of sensitive consumers is achieved, but bidirectional energy flow is restricted
Solution Approach 1:
The switching devices dynamically change their conduction characteristics based on operational requirements. They can switch between unidirectional blocking states (for protection) and bidirectional conducting states (for energy transfer), enabling the system to adapt to different operating conditions and achieve both protection and versatility.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances voltage stabilization across different vehicle operating states, protects sensitive consumers from voltage fluctuations, and provides improved redundancy and safety, enabling smaller energy storage and generator components while maintaining reliable network operation.
Implementation Method 1
a DC/DC converter and a second controllable switching device in a series connection in parallel with the first switching device. The DC/DC converter is designed to charge the first energy storage device of the first branch of the electrical system with current from the second branch and/or vice versa.
Implementation Method 2
a first controllable switching device... to take. a first switching state that is unidirectionally conductive only in a first current flow direction from the first branch of the vehicle electrical system to the second branch of the vehicle electrical system, or a second switching state that is bidirectionally conductive in both the first current flow direction and in a second current flow direction from the second branch of the vehicle electrical system to the first branch of the vehicle electrical system
Data Source
Figure 1A
Figure 1B
Figure 2A
AI summary
The invention relates to a vehicle electric system (1) for a vehicle (100), having the following: - a first vehicle electric system branch (2), said first vehicle electric system branch (2) having a first energy store (3) and a first dynamic electric load (4), - a second vehicle electric system branch (7), said second vehicle electric system branch (7) having a second sensitive electric load (8), and - a first controllable switching device (11) that is arranged between the first (2) and the second (7) vehicle electric system branch and is designed to assume a first switch state in which a current is conducted unidirectionally from the first vehicle electric system branch (2) to the second vehicle electric system branch (7) only in a first current flow direction (201) or a second switch state in which a current is conducted bidirectionally between the second vehicle electric system branch (7) and the first vehicle electric system branch (2) both in the first current flow direction (201) as well as in a second current flow direction (202).