Vehicle Electrical Device Screen Arc Propagation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing high-voltage electrical devices for railway vehicles, such as circuit breakers, are prone to internal arc initiation and do not effectively prevent the propagation of electric arcs, which poses a risk of malfunction and reduces their service life.

Innovation Solution

An electrical device with a screen made of polymeric material, comprising at least one elastomer like silicone, is introduced to oppose the creation and propagation of electric arcs outside the enclosure, while also limiting humidity and dust diffusion, and is designed with a movable drive member and a flexible screen that can deform under pressure to prevent overpressure and damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a high-voltage electrical device is used in railway vehicles, then the electrical power supply circuit can be protected in the event of a short circuit, but the device is prone to internal arc initiation and propagation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection capabilityVSAvoidelectric arc propagation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The enclosure is divided into two distinct zones by a partition wall: a first zone containing high-voltage electrical components and a second zone containing low-voltage or control components. This segmentation isolates the harmful electric arcs to the first zone, preventing them from affecting the second zone and thus resolving the contradiction between providing protection capability and preventing arc propagation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A screen made of flexible polymeric material (such as silicone elastomer) is introduced as an intermediary barrier between the high-voltage zone and the rest of the enclosure. This screen blocks the propagation of electric arcs while allowing pressure equalization, thus protecting other components from arc damage while maintaining enclosure integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Duration of action of stationary object

If the enclosure is sealed to prevent moisture and dust diffusion, then component lifespan is extended, but overpressure from internal arcs cannot be relieved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveservice lifeVSAvoidinternal overpressure
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The screen is made of flexible polymeric material that can deform under pressure. This flexible membrane maintains the seal to prevent moisture and dust diffusion (extending service life) while simultaneously allowing the enclosure to expand slightly when internal overpressure occurs, thus relieving stress without compromising the protective seal.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

3Object-affected harmful factors

If a rigid screen is used to block electric arcs, then arc propagation is prevented, but the screen cannot deform to relieve internal pressure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearc blockingVSAvoidpressure relief
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The screen is specifically designed as a flexible membrane made of polymeric material rather than a rigid structure. This flexible screen effectively blocks electric arc propagation while being capable of deforming under internal pressure to relieve overpressure, thus simultaneously achieving both arc blocking and pressure relief functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The screen's physical state is changed from rigid to flexible by selecting appropriate polymeric materials. This parameter change enables the screen to dynamically adjust its shape and volume under pressure while maintaining its arc-blocking function, thus resolving the contradiction between arc blocking capability and pressure relief capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution significantly reduces the risk of malfunction and extends the service life of the electrical device by preventing electric arc propagation and maintaining a lower humidity level inside the enclosure, making it safer and more reliable.

Implementation Method 1

a screen (18) made of a polymeric material, the polymeric material comprising at least one elastomer, such as a silicone

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical insulation: Dielectric

Implementation Method 2

the screen (18) is positioned between the high-voltage enclosure (12) and the actuator (14)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical barrier: Physical Containment

Implementation Method 3

the screen is flexible; the screen can deform under pressure to prevent overpressure and damage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 4

The screen also limits the diffusion of moisture and dust present outside the device towards the electrically powered components

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion barrier: Diffusion Barrier

Data Source

PatentEP3599630B1Electrical device for vehicle and associated vehicle
Publication Date: 2021.01.06 ALSTOM TRANSPORT TECH SAS
  • EP3599630B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3599630B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

The invention relates to an electrical device (10) for a vehicle, in particular for a railway vehicle, the electrical device (10) comprising a high-voltage enclosure (12), the high-voltage enclosure (12) having an electrical switch (30); an actuator (14); and a drive member (16) connecting the switch (30) to the actuator (14). The electrical device (10) further comprises a screen (18) disposed between the enclosure (12) and the actuator (14), the screen (18) having a recess (62) through which the drive member (16) extends, the distance (D) between the screen (18) and the drive member (16) being less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm.