Vehicle Passive Entry Using BLE and UWB Location Authentication

The patent combines multiple wireless communication technologies (LF, BLE, and UWB) into a unified PEPS system. BLE provides extended communication range beyond LF limitations, while UWB delivers precise location estimation and anti-cloning capabilities. This merging allows the system to achieve both long-range communication and accurate location estimation that neither technology could provide alone.

The system implements multi-functionality by assigning different communication protocols to different functions: LF handles traditional key fob communication, BLE extends range and provides initial connection, and UWB enables precise ranging and security authentication. This universal approach allows a single PEPS system to perform multiple functions that would otherwise require separate systems.

The patent introduces UWB communication as an intermediary layer between the vehicle and key fob for authentication purposes. UWB's time-of-flight measurement capability provides a physical layer security mechanism that is inherently resistant to cloning and injection attacks, as it measures the actual physical distance rather than relying solely on signal presence. This intermediary authentication method complements LF authentication to create a more secure system.

The system uses a composite communication approach by integrating multiple communication technologies (LF, BLE, UWB) with different security characteristics. Each technology contributes its strengths: LF for traditional authentication, BLE for range extension and intermediate verification, and UWB for precise distance measurement and anti-cloning security. This composite approach creates a security system more robust than any single technology alone.