Vehicle Power Switching Unit for Resettable Overcurrent Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional power distribution systems in vehicles face limitations due to the need for frequent and costly replacements of fuses in response to overcurrent or overvoltage events, which can disrupt vehicle operations and require individually designed fuses for different applications.

Innovation Solution

A power distribution system with a switching unit that uses both software and hardware limits to control the connection and disconnection of consumers to or from the power source, allowing for flexible protection and rapid response to malfunctions without the need for physical replacement of components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a fuse is used to protect against overcurrent, then protection is provided, but the fuse requires replacement after blowing which is time and cost consuming

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against overcurrentVSAvoidreplacement time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical fuse system with an electronic switching unit that uses software-configurable current limits and rapid switching elements (MOSFETs/IGBTs) to provide overcurrent protection. This substitution eliminates the need for physical fuse replacement by using controllable electronic switches that can be reset through software control when overcurrent conditions occur.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements configurable current limit parameters that can be adjusted through software to match different consumer requirements. The switching unit monitors current flow and automatically switches off when the configured limit is exceeded, providing adaptive protection without requiring physical component changes or replacements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If a fuse with fixed limit characteristics is used, then protection is provided, but each application requires individually designed fuses for different limits

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against overcurrentVSAvoidflexibility for different applications
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The switching unit is designed as a universal protection device that can serve multiple different consumers with varying current requirements. Through software configuration, the same hardware unit can be adapted to different current limits and protection scenarios, eliminating the need for multiple specialized fuse designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic configurability where the current protection limits are not fixed but can be changed through software parameters. This allows the protection system to adapt to different applications and requirements without physical reconfiguration or replacement of hardware components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If a fuse blows to protect a consumer, then the consumer is disconnected from the power source, but the performance of the vehicle is limited until the fuse is replaced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection of consumerVSAvoidvehicle performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The switching unit incorporates continuous current monitoring and feedback control mechanisms. When an overcurrent condition is detected, the system automatically switches off the affected consumer and can be reset through software control once the fault condition is resolved, allowing rapid restoration of vehicle performance without manual intervention or component replacement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP4274047A1Power distribution system for a vehicle, switching unit for such power distribution system and method for controlling the same
Publication Date: 2023.11.08 KNORR BREMSE SYSTEME FUER NUTZFAHIZEUGE GMBH
  • EP4274047A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4274047A1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4274047A1 patent drawing

AI summary

The present invention relates to a power distribution system (1) for a vehicle, comprising: at least one power source (20), at least one consumer (30) connectable to the at least one power source (20) via a power supply line (22), and a switching unit (10) arranged in the power supply line (22) between the at least one power source (20) and the at least one consumer (30) and configured to connect and/or disconnect the at least one consumer (30) to or from the power source (20), wherein the switching unit (10) comprises a switch (11) configured to connect and/or disconnect the at least one consumer (30) to or from the power source (20) in accordance with at least one predetermined software limit and at least one hardware limit (18) of a set value and type.