Vehicle Electric Power System Architecture for High Power Pulse Loads
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional electric power system architectures for vehicles face challenges in efficiently powering high power pulse loads, such as those associated with laser or sonar operations, due to limitations in power density, specific power, and efficiency when using a common high voltage direct current (DC) bus.
Innovation Solution
The proposed electric power system employs a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with multiple power conversion channels, including rectifiers, buck converters, and filters, configured in series and parallel to generate and distribute DC power efficiently, with current transducers and a galvanically isolated transformer to manage voltage and power demands across different loads.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a common high voltage direct current (DC) bus is used to power loads, then the system structure is simple, but the power density and specific power are limited when supporting high power pulse loads
Solution Approach 1:
The power system is segmented into multiple independent power conversion channels (first power conversion channel and second power conversion channel), each capable of independently converting power for different load types. This segmentation allows each channel to be optimized for specific power requirements, thereby increasing overall power density without requiring a complete redesign of the entire system structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a single-dimensional common DC bus architecture to a multi-dimensional parallel power conversion channel architecture. By adding the dimension of parallel channels with different conversion ratios, the system can simultaneously support base loads and high power pulse loads, effectively increasing power density while maintaining manageable system complexity through modular design.
2Productivity
If a single power conversion channel is used, then the device complexity is low, but the efficiency and power quality deteriorate when supporting multiple loads with different power demands
Solution Approach 1:
Each power conversion channel is configured with local quality characteristics optimized for its specific function. The first channel has a first conversion ratio optimized for base loads, while the second channel has a second conversion ratio optimized for high power pulse loads. This local optimization ensures high efficiency for each channel's designated load type without requiring the entire system to be over-engineered, thus improving overall productivity while controlling complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates dynamic load sharing between multiple power conversion channels, where each channel can dynamically adjust its operation based on real-time power demands. This dynamic capability allows the system to maintain high efficiency across varying load conditions by directing different load types to appropriately optimized channels, improving productivity without requiring excessive static complexity.
3Reliability
If power conversion channels are used to support high power pulse loads, then the power quality improves, but the interaction between loads increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and isolates different load types into separate power conversion channels. By taking out the high power pulse loads into a dedicated second power conversion channel with appropriate conversion ratio, the system ensures high power quality for these demanding loads while preventing their power fluctuations and harmonics from interacting with and affecting the base load channel, thus improving reliability while managing load interaction complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
Each power conversion channel acts as an intermediary between the power source and its designated loads. These intermediaries provide electrical isolation and impedance matching, ensuring that loads in one channel do not directly interact with loads in another channel. This intermediary function maintains high power quality for each load type while minimizing harmful load interactions, improving reliability without requiring excessive complexity in load management.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration improves power density, specific power, and efficiency, while enhancing power quality by reducing the size of power devices and minimizing interaction between loads, thus effectively supporting both base and high power pulse loads.
Implementation Method 1
a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) configured to generate an AC power
Implementation Method 2
a first rectifier configured to receive an alternating current (AC) power from the PMSM and rectify the AC power into a first direct current (DC) power
Data Source
AI summary
An electric power system (EPS) may comprise a first power conversion channel and a second power conversion channel connected in parallel with a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The first power conversion channel may be suitable for a load having a first electronic characteristic. The second power conversion channel may be suitable for a load having a second electronic characteristic. The first power conversion channel may comprise a first rectifier configured to receive an alternating current (AC) power from the PMSM and rectify the AC power into a first direct current (DC) power, a first buck converter configured to receive the first DC power from the first rectifier and reduce a voltage of the first DC power, and a first output filter configured to filter the first DC power and supply the first DC power to a first load.