Asymmetric Vehicle Recess Flow Separation Edge Design

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-speed rail vehicles experience increased drag and noise due to flow separation at recesses or cross-sectional jumps on their outer shell, leading to turbulent shear layers that can impact the underside and cause damage or safety hazards, particularly when operating in both directions.

Innovation Solution

A vehicle component design featuring a second surface inclined at an acute angle to the local main flow direction to create a sharp, defined flow separation edge, reducing the widening of the shear layer and noise emission by ensuring a clean detachment of the flow, and allowing for quicker reattachment when reversing direction.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If the vehicle operates bidirectionally with a pronounced stall edge at the leading end of a recess, then flow separation is clearly defined and shear layer widening is minimized in one direction, but when operating in the opposite direction the stall edge is positioned at the trailing end causing shear layer impact and increased flow resistance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflow resistanceVSAvoidbidirectional operation performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The recess is designed with asymmetric geometry where the leading end has a smaller cross-sectional area than the trailing end. This asymmetric configuration ensures that when the vehicle operates in either direction, the flow encounters a gradually expanding cross-section, preventing sudden flow separation and reducing shear layer widening. The asymmetric design resolves the contradiction by making the flow path favorable in both directions without requiring symmetric stall edges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of providing a pronounced stall edge at the leading end of the recess for one direction of travel, the invention inverts the approach by designing the recess geometry itself to naturally guide flow smoothly in both directions. The trailing end of the recess is designed with a larger cross-sectional area that facilitates flow reattachment, effectively using the opposite configuration from conventional single-direction designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Stability of the object's composition

If a trailing wall is provided at the recess to contain the shear layer, then flow separation is controlled, but the shear layer turbulence increases and flow resistance increases due to shear layer impact on the trailing wall

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflow separation controlVSAvoidflow resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts or removes the trailing wall from the recess design. By eliminating the trailing wall that would otherwise cause shear layer impact and turbulence, the design allows the flow to separate cleanly and reattach smoothly to the vehicle body without encountering a solid barrier. This extraction resolves the contradiction by maintaining flow separation control through geometry alone while avoiding the energy loss associated with shear layer impact on a trailing wall.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If shielding elements are added to cover the undercarriage section, then flying ballast risk is reduced and chassis components are protected, but device complexity and manufacturing effort increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflying ballast riskVSAvoidshielding structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention converts the potentially harmful turbulent shear layer into a beneficial flow pattern by designing the recess geometry to guide the shear layer smoothly along the vehicle body. The enlarged cross-sectional area at the trailing end acts as a flow expansion zone that naturally reduces turbulence and prevents flying ballast without requiring additional shielding elements. This converts the harmful turbulent flow into a beneficial smooth flow pattern, reducing complexity while maintaining safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design minimizes flow resistance and noise emission while reducing the risk of flying debris by promoting a gentle impact of the shear layer, allowing for efficient operation in both directions with reduced drag and noise.

Implementation Method 1

the first surface forms a stall edge at which the air flow separates from the first surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFlow separation: Flow Separation

Implementation Method 2

a boundary layer is again applied to the outer skin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBoundary layer: Boundary Layer

Data Source

PatentEP2428421B1Vehicle component with a recess covered by a flow of air
Publication Date: 2017.07.19 BOMBARDIER TRANSPORTATION GMBH
  • EP2428421B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2428421B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2428421B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The vehicle component has two surfaces (109.1,109.2) that are arranged in preset manner. A flow separation edge (107) is provided between two surfaces so that air traveling form one surface (109.1) to another surface (109.2) at nominal speed along a local main flow direction (111) of the vehicle is deviated. The surface (109.2) is inclinedly arranged with respect to local main flow direction, such that an acute angle is set between surface (109.2) and local main flow direction.