Vehicle Scene Classification for Low-Latency Emergency Avoidance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing collision avoidance systems face challenges in efficiently detecting and avoiding emergency situations due to latency in object detection and tracking, sensitivity to occlusions, and difficulty in utilizing contextual information, leading to inaccurate motion estimates and delayed decision-making.

Innovation Solution

An electronic control unit with an online and offline portion for situation classification, utilizing machine learning models to analyze entire image frames and generate training data, including synthetic and modified data, to improve emergency situation detection and provide timely instructions for vehicle control systems.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional object detection and tracking methods are used to gain sufficient confidence in detection quality and motion estimates, then detection reliability is improved, but latency increases due to tracking over multiple image frames

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection reliabilityVSAvoidlatency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary analysis of single image frames using a trained neural network classifier to detect emergency situations immediately, rather than waiting to track objects over multiple frames. The classifier is pre-trained offline with synthetic data to recognize emergency patterns directly from single frames, enabling fast real-time detection without the latency of multi-frame tracking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If object detectors are used to initialize tracks only after objects are almost fully visible in several image frames, then detection accuracy is improved, but additional latency is introduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidlatency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The neural network classifier is pre-trained offline using synthetic training data that simulates various object appearances and emergency situations. This preliminary training enables the classifier to accurately detect objects and emergency situations from single image frames even when objects are partially visible or just appearing, eliminating the need to wait for full visibility across multiple frames.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of manufacture

If traditional bounding box detectors are used for object detection, then implementation simplicity is maintained, but motion estimate accuracy deteriorates for gradually appearing objects and objects with pose changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimplementation simplicityVSAvoidmotion estimate accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces traditional bounding box detectors with a neural network-based situation classifier that processes entire image frames. This substitution enables the system to accurately detect and track objects regardless of their appearance status or pose changes, providing reliable motion estimates without the limitations of traditional bounding box methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Device complexity

If traditional collision avoidance methods are used, then system simplicity is maintained, but inability to utilize contextual information such as traffic situation leads to incorrect emergency decisions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem simplicityVSAvoidemergency decision accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The situation classifier merges multiple types of information including image frame data, object detection results, and contextual traffic situation data into a unified emergency situation assessment. By combining these diverse information sources, the system achieves more accurate and reliable emergency decisions while maintaining real-time performance through the trained neural network classifier.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP4075329B1Emergency situation detection and avoidance
Publication Date: 2026.05.20 QUALCOMM AUTO LTD
  • EP4075329B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4075329B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4075329B1 patent drawingFigure 4(a)~9

AI summary

There is provided mechanisms for situation classification for a vehicle control system. A method is performed by an electronic control unit. The method comprises performing situation classification to classify a scene captured by at least one camera of an ego vehicle. The situation classification has an online portion and an offline portion. The online portion comprises analyzing at least one entire image frame of the scene as captured by the at least one camera. The online portion is trained by training data generated by the offline portion. The method comprises providing instructions to the vehicle control system. The instructions are based on the situation classification of the scene.