Low-Order Interbed Multiple Identification Using Velocity Spectra
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional seismic data processing struggles to identify and suppress interbed multiples due to their similar dynamic and kinematic characteristics with primaries, especially for low-order multiples, which complicates seismic imaging and interpretation.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus for identifying interbed multiples by obtaining velocity spectra and propagation paths, calculating propagation velocities and durations of low-order multiples based on primaries, and projecting these values into the velocity spectrum to determine the horizon and order of interbed multiples.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional seismic data processing is used, then the processing flow is simple, but interbed multiples cannot be effectively identified and suppressed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the complex task of interbed multiple identification into multiple independent modules: velocity spectrum extraction, propagation path calculation, energy cluster analysis, and multiple order differentiation. Each module processes specific aspects of the seismic data independently, making the overall complex task manageable and systematic.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces new dimensional parameters including velocity spectrum domain, propagation path geometry, energy cluster characteristics, and multiple order sequences. By transforming the problem into these additional dimensions, the patent enables effective identification of interbed multiples that cannot be resolved in conventional single-domain approaches.
2Measurement precision
If low-order interbed multiples are processed, then the seismic data quality is maintained, but the multiples are difficult to identify due to similar characteristics with primaries
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses velocity spectrum as an intermediary parameter and propagation path as a mediator to indirectly characterize interbed multiples. Instead of directly detecting the difficult-to-distinguish multiples, the system analyzes their velocity characteristics and propagation paths, which provide sufficient differentiation even for low-order multiples.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces conventional direct amplitude-based detection mechanisms with a velocity-spectrum-based analytical system. By substituting the detection approach from simple amplitude thresholding to velocity characteristic analysis, the system achieves superior differentiation between primaries and low-order interbed multiples.
3Difficulty of detecting and measuring
If high-order interbed multiples are processed, then the multiples are easier to identify, but the propagation duration and velocity calculations become more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary calculations of propagation paths and velocity spectra for all possible multiple orders before actual identification. By pre-computing these characteristic parameters and organizing them in structured data structures, the system enables efficient retrieval and matching during the identification process, reducing real-time calculation complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent calculates and stores propagation characteristics for multiple orders beyond what is immediately needed, creating a comprehensive reference database. This excessive preparation allows the system to efficiently identify only the necessary multiple orders during processing, reducing overall computational burden through selective retrieval from pre-computed data.
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure discloses a velocity identification method and apparatus for interbed multiples, including: obtaining a velocity spectrum and propagation paths of interbed multiples in a stratum; collecting, from the velocity spectrum, velocities of a plurality of energy clusters, and obtaining propagation velocities and propagation duration of a plurality of primaries; calculating propagation velocities and propagation duration of an interbed multiples corresponding to each primary order by order, to obtain propagation velocities and propagation duration of low-order interbed multiples; and determining a horizon at which a low-order interbed multiples are generated and an order of the low-order interbed multiples; and identifying the interbed multiples based on the propagation velocities and the propagation duration of the low-order interbed multiples, the horizon at which the low-order interbed multiples are generated, and the order of the low-order interbed multiples, and in combination with the velocity spectrum.