Venous Waveform Decomposition for Non-Invasive Blood Volume Assessment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for determining blood volume status, such as central venous pressure (CVP) or central arterial pressure (CAP) measurements, are invasive and slow to respond to acute conditions, leading to inadequate fluid administration and increased morbidity and mortality due to fluid overload.
Innovation Solution
Non-invasive venous waveform analysis (NIVA) using a sensor to measure peripheral arterial or venous waveforms, decomposing the signals into intrinsic oscillatory modes to determine blood volume status and mechanical properties of blood vessels, employing techniques like empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang transform to isolate pulse pressure waveforms and quantify mechanical attenuation properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If invasive CVP/CAP measurements are used to determine blood volume status, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates and loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical catheter insertion system with an acoustic sensing system. A sensor detects vibrations from blood flow in peripheral vessels, and these vibrations are processed to extract blood volume status information without requiring invasive access to central vessels.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses peripheral blood vessel vibrations as an intermediary to infer central blood volume status. Instead of directly measuring central pressure, the system detects vibrations in accessible peripheral vessels and uses signal processing to derive central hemodynamic parameters.
2Measurement precision
If invasive CVP/CAP measurements are used to determine blood volume status, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary signal processing on the vibration data, including decomposition into intrinsic oscillatory modes and extraction of spectral features, enabling rapid assessment of blood volume status before clinical decisions need to be made.
Solution Approach 2:
The replacement of invasive mechanical measurement with non-invasive acoustic sensing eliminates the time required for catheter insertion and positioning, providing immediate blood volume status assessment.
3Ease of operation
If conventional vital sign monitoring is used, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the complex vibration signal from blood flow into distinct intrinsic oscillatory modes using empirical mode decomposition. Each mode represents different hemodynamic components, allowing precise extraction of blood volume status information from the composite signal.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes the mechanical vibrations naturally produced by blood flow through vessels as the measurement mechanism. By detecting and analyzing these vibrations, the system achieves precise blood volume status monitoring while maintaining ease of operation similar to conventional vital sign monitoring.
4Reliability
If invasive CVP/CAP measurements are used, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the complex mechanical catheter system with a simple acoustic sensor and signal processing algorithm. The sensor detects vibrations passively without requiring mechanical access to central vessels, significantly reducing device complexity while maintaining reliability through sophisticated vibration analysis.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a functional copy of central hemodynamic information from peripheral vibration signals. By analyzing the spectral characteristics of peripheral vessel vibrations, the system derives central blood volume status parameters without physically accessing central vessels.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate, real-time assessment of blood volume status and mechanical properties of blood vessels, facilitating non-invasive detection of fluid overload and edema, and guiding fluid administration to prevent excessive fluid administration.
Implementation Method 1
generating, via a sensor of a computing device, a signal representing vibrations originating from a blood vessel of a subject
Data Source
AI summary
A method embodiment includes generating, via a sensor of a computing device, a signal representing vibrations originating from a blood vessel of a subject and decomposing the signal into one or more first intrinsic oscillatory modes and one or more second intrinsic oscillatory modes. The one or more first intrinsic oscillatory modes have respective oscillation frequencies that are less than respective oscillation frequencies of the one or more second intrinsic oscillatory modes. The method includes obtaining an intensity spectrum of the one or more first intrinsic oscillatory modes over a range of frequencies and using the obtained intensity spectrum to determine a blood volume status of the subject. Another method embodiment includes using the one or more second intrinsic oscillatory modes to determine one or more mechanical properties of the blood vessel or tissue adjacent to the blood vessel.