Venturi Absorber Tube With Internal Device For SO3
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Solution Overview
Problem
Large sulfuric acid plants face reduced absorption efficiency in venturi-type absorbers due to large throat sizes and complex liquid distribution, leading to energy inefficiencies and higher operating costs, as sulfur trioxide slips through the pre-absorber, requiring more cold acid feed and reducing usable energy for low-pressure steam production.
Innovation Solution
A venturi absorber tube with a converging section, throat section, and diverging section, featuring a spray unit for co-current sulfuric acid injection and an internal device such as a sieve tray or self-supporting dome in the diverging section, optimizing gas-liquid contact and increasing absorption efficiency by creating turbulence and uniform flow distribution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the venturi throat size is increased to handle large gas and liquid flows, then the plant capacity is improved, but the absorption efficiency deteriorates due to reduced liquid-gas contact quality
Solution Approach 1:
The venturi absorber is divided into multiple functional sections: converging section, throat section, and diverging section with internal installations. This segmentation allows each section to perform its specific function optimally - the converging section accelerates flow, the throat section creates intense mixing, and the diverging section with internal installations provides additional contact surfaces for improved absorption efficiency while maintaining large plant capacity
Solution Approach 2:
Internal installations such as packing materials, spray nozzles, or baffles are added within the diverging section to create additional dimensions of liquid-gas contact. This transforms the simple venturi geometry into a multi-dimensional contact system, significantly improving absorption efficiency without reducing the throat size needed for large plant capacity
2Loss of energy
If sulfur trioxide absorption is reduced, then energy recovery is improved, but sulfur trioxide slippage increases leading to higher operating costs
Solution Approach 1:
The enhanced absorption efficiency through internal installations creates a feedback mechanism where improved mass transfer allows for better control of sulfur trioxide removal. This enables optimization of the absorption process to recover maximum energy while maintaining low sulfur trioxide slippage, as the internal installations ensure thorough contact between absorbent and gas phase
Solution Approach 2:
The internal installations in the diverging section change the flow parameters and contact characteristics, creating conditions for more efficient mass transfer. This allows the system to achieve high absorption efficiency with optimized energy recovery by modifying the physical parameters of the absorption process rather than simply increasing absorbent flow rates
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enhances absorption efficiency by up to a factor of 2, reducing unabsorbed sulfur trioxide slippage and increasing overall energy recovery, thereby minimizing energy losses and maintaining economic viability for large plants.
Implementation Method 1
The invention deals with a venturi absorber tube for absorbing sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid, whereby the venturi features a converging section, a throat section and a diverging section
Implementation Method 2
a device for spraying sulfuric acid co-currently to the sulfur trioxide gas stream
Implementation Method 3
an internal installation in the diverging section
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to a venturi absorber tube for absorbing sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid. Said venturi features a converging section (20), a throat section (30) and a diverging section (40) as well as a first conduit (21) at its top through which hot pro-cess gas containing sulfur trioxide is introduced. Further, the venturi shows a device for introducing sulfuric acid (22) by spraying sulfuric acid co-currently to the sulfur trioxide gas stream, a conduit (52) to withdraw liquid parts and a conduit (51) to withdraw gaseous parts. As the essential part of the invention, an internal device (60) located in or below the diverging section (40), which is a sieve tray, a multi-venturi array or a self-supporting dome featuring a convex shape.