Venturi Smoke Control Door with Water Cooling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing smoke control systems in buildings fail to effectively reduce smoke and toxic gas concentrations during fires, leading to increased human casualties and thermal deformation of fire doors, which compromises their fireproof function.
Innovation Solution
An in-building access path installation type smoke control system that uses a door or frame casing with a nozzle and negative pressure inducer to suck in smoke and toxic gases, mix them with water, and discharge the mixture, while also providing emergency lighting and cooling the fire doors to prevent thermal deformation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a fire door is installed to prevent diffusion of fire, then fireproof function is improved, but the fire door is deformed or cracked by heat and loses fireproof function
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary cooling action by spraying water on the fire door before the door becomes severely damaged by heat. The water spray system is activated when smoke detection sensors detect fire conditions, preventing thermal deformation and cracking of the fire door before it loses its fireproof function.
Solution Approach 2:
Water acts as an intermediary substance between the heat source and the fire door. The water spray absorbs heat energy and transfers it away from the fire door, preventing direct thermal contact that would cause deformation and loss of fireproof function.
2Quantity of substance
If smoke control facility discharges smoke from fire room, then smoke removal is improved, but toxic smoke diffuses to hallways and stairs at high speed
Solution Approach 1:
The system converts the harmful hot smoke into a beneficial cooling agent by spraying water into the smoke stream. The water absorbs heat from the smoke, condensing it and reducing its temperature and volume, then the cooled smoke is discharged through the fire door without causing thermal damage to the door or rapid toxic diffusion to evacuation areas.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses hydraulic principles by spraying water into the smoke flow path. The water injection creates a water-smoke mixture that increases the overall volume and density of the discharged material, which slows the diffusion speed of toxic gases while maintaining effective smoke removal from the fire room.
3Reliability
If fire door is cooled to maintain fireproof function, then reliability is improved, but additional cooling system increases device complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The fire door system is designed with multi-functionality: it simultaneously serves as a fire barrier, a smoke discharge pathway, and a cooling surface. The water spray system that cools the door also helps condense and remove smoke, combining multiple functions into a single integrated structure rather than separate components.
Solution Approach 2:
The cooling function is merged with the smoke control function. The water spray system that is used for smoke condensation and removal is the same system that provides cooling to the fire door, combining two protective functions into one system to minimize added complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Significantly reduces smoke and toxic gas concentrations, ensures visual guidance for evacuation, and maintains the fireproof function of doors by cooling them, thereby minimizing human casualties and preventing fire diffusion.
Implementation Method 1
generate negative pressure on the basis of the Venturi effect while the water passes therethrough, suck gas at the periphery of the door casing through the intake port
Implementation Method 2
mix the smoke and toxic gas with water, and remove the smoke and toxic gas mixed with the water
Implementation Method 3
move the gas mixed with the water downward toward the discharge port
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to an in-building access path installation type smoke control system. An in-building access path installation type smoke control system is openably and closably installed in an in-building access path and includes a door casing having an intake port and a discharge port, a door nozzle installed in the door casing and configured to spray water supplied from the outside, and a main door body including a negative pressure inducer configured to allow water sprayed from the door nozzle to pass therethrough, generate negative pressure on the basis of the Venturi effect while the water passes therethrough, suck gas at the periphery of the door casing through the intake port, mix the sucked gas with water, and move the gas mixed with the water downward toward the discharge port.