3D Vertebral Bone Segmentation for Adjacent Bone Separation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing medical imaging technologies generate large amounts of data, necessitating the development of automated methods to efficiently segment and identify anatomical features and abnormalities in medical images.

Innovation Solution

A method for automatically segmenting vertebral bones in 3D medical images using a combination of convolutional neural networks, graph-cut algorithms, and region growing techniques, along with deep learning approaches to refine segmentation and enhance image intensity, enabling precise localization and separation of vertebral bones from surrounding tissues.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If automated segmentation methods are implemented to process large amounts of medical image data, then productivity and efficiency are improved, but device complexity and computational requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage processing efficiencyVSAvoidsegmentation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the complex 3D vertebral segmentation task into multiple 2D axial slice processing steps. Each slice is processed independently through spinal canal extraction, anterior line generation, posterior line generation, and vertebral bone segmentation. This segmentation approach reduces computational complexity while maintaining overall productivity by enabling parallel processing of multiple slices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces intermediate structures such as spinal canal extraction results, anterior and posterior lines, and centerlines as mediators between the input 3D medical image and the final segmented vertebral bones. These intermediaries simplify the segmentation process by providing structured guidance for separating adjacent vertebral bones, reducing the direct computational burden.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If precise segmentation of adjacent vertebral bones is achieved, then measurement precision is improved, but difficulty of detecting and measuring increases due to similar image characteristics

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevertebral bone localization accuracyVSAvoiddiscrimination of adjacent vertebral bones
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by treating each axial slice independently with localized processing. The spinal canal extraction, anterior line generation, and posterior line generation are performed for each slice based on local image characteristics. This allows precise localization of each vertebral bone by adapting to local variations in image intensity and anatomy, improving measurement precision while managing detection difficulty through localized analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from 3D volume processing to 2D axial slice processing, adding the dimension of slice-by-slice analysis. By generating anterior and posterior lines in the 2D axial plane and then combining them to define 3D vertebral boundaries, the method improves precision in discriminating adjacent vertebral bones while reducing the overall computational difficulty through dimensional decomposition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Measurement precision

If manual segmentation methods are used to ensure accuracy, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesegmentation accuracyVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements self-service by enabling automated segmentation through computer-executable algorithms that perform spinal canal extraction, line generation, and vertebral bone segmentation without manual intervention. The system uses image intensity, gradient, and anatomical constraints to automatically separate adjacent vertebral bones, achieving measurement precision comparable to manual methods while eliminating time loss associated with manual segmentation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent incorporates feedback mechanisms by using image intensity, gradient information, and anatomical constraints (such as spinal canal position and vertebral morphology) to guide and refine the automated segmentation process. This feedback ensures measurement precision by continuously adjusting segmentation boundaries based on local image characteristics, while maintaining automated efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Loss of time

If automated segmentation is implemented to reduce processing time, then loss of time is reduced, but manufacturing precision may deteriorate due to algorithmic approximations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesegmentation processing timeVSAvoidsegmentation boundary accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical segmentation with automated computational algorithms. The system uses computer-executable instructions to perform spinal canal extraction, generate anterior and posterior lines, and segment vertebral bones based on image intensity and gradient analysis. This substitution dramatically reduces processing time while maintaining precision through algorithmic rigor and consistency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs parameter changes by adjusting segmentation thresholds, gradient weights, and anatomical constraints based on local image characteristics. The algorithm dynamically modifies processing parameters for each axial slice to optimize both speed and precision, ensuring accurate boundary detection while maintaining automated efficiency across varying image conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP4035125B1Automatically segmenting vertebral bones in 3D medical images
Publication Date: 2025.12.31 NUVASIVE INC
  • EP4035125B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1D
  • EP4035125B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~3
  • EP4035125B1 patent drawingFigure 4A~4B

AI summary

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for vertebral bone segmentation and vertebral bone enhancement in medical images.