Continuous Vertical Reactor for Sludge Heat Treatment

The patent applies parameter changes by operating the hydrothermal carbonization process at specific temperature (150-250°C) and pressure conditions to optimize both dewatering properties and energy efficiency. The continuous vertical reactor maintains controlled parameters throughout the treatment process, avoiding the energy inefficiencies of conventional batch methods while achieving reliable dewatering improvement.

The patent implements continuity of useful action through a continuous vertical reactor that processes sludge continuously rather than in batches. This continuous operation eliminates the energy waste associated with repeated heating/cooling cycles in conventional methods, maintains stable treatment conditions, and provides consistent dewatering performance without technology failures.

The patent converts the harmful characteristics of wet sludge (high water content, pathogens, metals) into beneficial outcomes through hydrothermal carbonization. The heat treatment process transforms the sludge into a stabilized carbon-rich product with improved dewatering properties, eliminating the need for environmentally harmful disposal methods like dumping in abandoned mines while reducing transportation costs.

By changing the temperature and pressure parameters during treatment, the patent fundamentally alters the physical and chemical properties of sludge. This transformation converts the harmful wet sludge into a more stable, easier-to-handle material that can be disposed of or utilized with minimal environmental impact, solving the contradiction between handling completion and environmental protection.

The patent converts the harmful pathogens and metals in sludge into stabilized forms through hydrothermal carbonization at controlled temperatures. The heat treatment process destroys pathogens and transforms problematic metals into less bioavailable forms, thereby enabling the treated sludge to be safely applied as fertilizer on farmland without the previous restrictions.

The patent uses specific temperature parameter changes (150-250°C) to alter the biological and chemical composition of sludge. This parameter change eliminates pathogens and reduces metal bioavailability, making the sludge suitable for agricultural application while maintaining its fertility value, thus resolving the contradiction between versatility and harmful factors.

The patent applies parameter changes by treating sludge at elevated temperatures (150-250°C) and pressures to achieve direct hydrothermal carbonization without previous drying. This eliminates the energy-intensive drying step while still enabling energy recovery through the exothermic hydrothermal carbonization reaction itself, which generates heat that can be utilized in the process.

The patent replaces the mechanical drying process (removal of water through evaporation and mechanical separation) with a chemical-thermal process of hydrothermal carbonization. This substitution eliminates the need for energy-intensive drying while achieving both sludge stabilization and energy recovery through the chemical transformation and exothermic reactions.