Vertical Wind Turbine Rotor with Magnetic Flap

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Solution Overview

Problem

Vertical wind turbines with buoyancy runners face poor start-up properties and limited speed range, whereas resistance runners have better start-up behavior but are limited in speed, necessitating a solution that combines efficient power conversion across a wide speed range without complex control technology.

Innovation Solution

A rotor with a rotor wing designed as a hybrid buoyancy and resistance runner, featuring a swiveling flap that folds into the rotor wing at low speeds to act as a resistance runner for easier start-up and switches to buoyancy operation at higher speeds due to centrifugal force, eliminating the need for complex control systems.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a lift-type rotor is used, then power conversion efficiency is improved, but start-up characteristics deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower conversion efficiencyVSAvoidstart-up characteristics
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The rotor blade employs a dynamically adjustable flap that can change its position between extended and retracted states. This dynamic configuration allows the blade to transition between drag-type operation (flap extended) for improved start-up and lift-type operation (flap retracted) for efficient power conversion, resolving the contradiction between start-up characteristics and power conversion efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the effective geometry parameter of the rotor blade by extending or retracting the flap. This parameter change transforms the blade's aerodynamic characteristics from lift-dominated to drag-dominated or vice versa, enabling the system to overcome the limitation of poor start-up characteristics while maintaining high efficiency operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If a drag-type rotor is used, then start-up characteristics are improved, but rotational speed is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestart-up characteristicsVSAvoidrotational speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The dynamically positioned flap allows the rotor to operate in different modes: at low speeds, the flap extends to provide drag-type characteristics for reliable start-up; as speed increases, the flap retracts to reduce drag and enable higher rotational speeds with lift-type characteristics, thus overcoming the speed limitation of pure drag-type rotors

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Productivity

If control technology is added to switch between drag and lift modes, then performance across speed range is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower conversion across speed rangeVSAvoidcontrol technology
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The flap is designed to switch between extended and retracted positions automatically based on rotor speed, using the rotor's own motion and centrifugal forces to control the transition. This self-regulating mechanism eliminates the need for external control systems, sensors, or actuators, thereby maintaining high performance across the speed range while avoiding increased device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Adaptability or versatility

If a flap mechanism is added to enable mode switching, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational mode switchingVSAvoidfolding mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention replaces complex mechanical control systems with a simpler passive mechanism that uses centrifugal force and aerodynamic pressure to automatically position the flap. This substitution reduces the complexity of the folding mechanism while maintaining the ability to switch between operational modes, improving adaptability without proportionally increasing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables independent start-up and efficient power conversion across a large speed range, leveraging the advantages of both resistance and buoyancy runners for optimal wind energy utilization.

Implementation Method 1

magnets are located in the rotor blade as well as in the flap, which open the flap at low rotational speeds due to magnetic interaction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic interaction: Magnetism

Implementation Method 2

close it as the rotational speed increases due to centrifugal force acting on the flap

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCentrifugal force: Centrifugal Force

Implementation Method 3

The flow is deflected downwards. This creates a low-pressure area above the blade (suction side) and a high-pressure area below it (pressure side). This pressure difference generates a lift force FA

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAerodynamic lift: Aerofoil

Implementation Method 4

A drag-type rotor extracts power from the wind based on the principle of drag and converts it into mechanical power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDrag: Drag

Data Source

PatentEP4224010B1Rotor for a vertical wind turbine
Publication Date: 2025.01.29 STRUDLER MICHAEL
  • EP4224010B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4224010B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4224010B1 patent drawingFigure 5a~5c

AI summary

Rotor for a vertical-axis wind turbine, comprising rotor blades (40b) that function as drag-type rotors at low wind speeds and as lift-type rotors at higher wind speeds. The flaps (50) and the rotor blades (40) are equipped with magnets (100). At low rotational speeds, the flaps (50) are opened by repulsive magnetic fields and close as the rotational speed increases due to centrifugal force.