Blood Vessel Pressure Deviation Calculation Using Local Geometry
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for determining pressure deviations in blood vessels due to geometrical variations are inaccurate and require complex calculations, especially when dealing with stenosis and multiple coronary lesions, as they assume a fixed narrowing area and are subjective in measuring length.
Innovation Solution
A method that uses local geometry data to calculate pressure deviations by determining reference geometrical parameter values at specific locations within a blood vessel segment, accounting for differences in cross-sectional areas and fluid flow velocity to accurately assess pressure drops at those points, without requiring extensive processing power.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If complex fluid equations are solved using computational fluid dynamics, then pressure deviation determination is possible, but processing power requirements become significant
Solution Approach 1:
The blood vessel is divided into multiple segments along its length, with each segment characterized by specific geometrical parameters. This segmentation allows the complex fluid dynamics problem to be broken down into simpler, localized calculations that can be performed with reduced processing power while maintaining overall accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The method transforms the complex fluid dynamics problem into a parameter-based calculation approach. By using geometrical parameters (cross-sectional areas at different locations) and flow velocity data to directly calculate pressure deviations through established hemodynamic relationships, the method avoids solving complex partial differential equations while achieving comparable accuracy.
2Device complexity
If a fixed area assumption is used for narrowing, then calculations are simplified, but accuracy of pressure gradient determination is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of assuming a uniform fixed area for the narrowing, the method uses local geometrical parameters that capture the actual variations in cross-sectional area at different locations within the stenosis. By measuring cross-sectional areas at multiple points (proximal, distal, and intermediate locations), the method accurately represents the local geometry without requiring complex 3D modeling.
3Ease of operation
If the length of narrowing is determined subjectively, then measurement process is simple, but reliability of pressure calculation is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The method performs preliminary measurements of cross-sectional areas at multiple predefined locations along the vessel segment before calculating pressure deviations. By establishing these geometrical parameters in advance (at proximal end, distal end, and intermediate points), the method creates an objective basis for pressure calculation that eliminates subjective judgment about narrowing length while maintaining measurement simplicity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach improves accuracy by focusing on local data, allowing for precise calculation of pressure deviations at specific points of interest, reducing complexity and subjectivity, and providing a more reliable assessment of fractional flow reserve in coronary arteries.
Implementation Method 1
Based on the first geometrical parameter, the second geometrical parameter, the third geometrical parameter and location data related to the first location, a reference geometrical parameter value at the first location is determined and based on the reference geometrical parameter value at the first location, the third geometrical parameter and the fluid flow velocity, a pressure deviation between a first fluid pressure at the proximal segment end and a second fluid pressure at the first location are determined.
Data Source
AI summary
Deviations of blood pressure due to stenosis caused by plaque pose a health risk. The deviation, often expressed in a fractional flow reserve, may be calculated on a per-location basis using deviations of the local cross-sectional area or local diameter from a reference value representing a healthy vessel. The reference value may be obtained by means of linear or higher order interpolation or linear regression techniques. Together with the flow velocity of a fluid through the vessel, a value of local deviation of a vessel geometry compared to a reference value allows for accurate, fast and efficient calculation of the fractional flow reserve for every location of the vessel for which geometry data is available. The reference value as well as actual data obtained by measurements may be represented or approximated by functions, allowing accurate and efficient calculation of data over a continuous region of the segment under scrutiny.