Video Content Discrimination Using DCT Thresholding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing digital video compression methods consume excessive bandwidth and storage resources due to encoding noise in frames, which is not relevant to content, often degrading video quality and requiring costly CPU usage and memory.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that discriminates between content and noise in digital video frames by comparing components of candidate blocks to threshold values, using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) to identify and exclude noise from the encoding process, thereby reducing the number of bits required for encoding.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional video compression algorithms encode all frame changes including noise, then complete image fidelity is preserved, but bandwidth and storage resources are excessively consumed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage fidelityVSAvoidbandwidth and storage consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The video frame is divided into multiple blocks, and each block is independently analyzed to determine whether it contains meaningful content or noise. This segmentation allows selective encoding of only those blocks that contain actual content changes, rather than encoding the entire frame uniformly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different encoding strategies are applied to different regions of the video frame based on local content characteristics. Blocks identified as containing noise are encoded with lower quality or skipped entirely, while blocks containing meaningful content are encoded with higher quality, optimizing the trade-off between fidelity and resource consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Manufacturing precision

If higher quality video encoding is used, then subtle changes in non-content areas become more visible, but more bits are required to represent the frame

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevideo encoding qualityVSAvoidnumber of bits
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different encoding qualities to different spatial regions within the same frame. Content-containing blocks receive high-quality encoding to preserve subtle changes, while noise-dominated blocks receive low-quality or no encoding, thereby reducing total bit consumption without sacrificing perceptual quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of applying uniform high-quality encoding across the entire frame, the patent applies high-quality encoding only partially to blocks that actually contain meaningful content. This partial action approach avoids the excessive bit consumption that would result from encoding all blocks at high quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Measurement precision

If noise in captured digital video is encoded to maintain image accuracy, then complete data representation is achieved, but CPU usage and memory requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata representation accuracyVSAvoidCPU usage and memory
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The video processing task is segmented into block-level operations, where each block is independently evaluated for content presence. This segmentation reduces the computational complexity compared to frame-level analysis, as smaller blocks require fewer calculations and can be processed more efficiently by the CPU.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts and removes noise components from the video data by identifying and excluding blocks that contain only noise from the encoding process. This extraction approach maintains data representation accuracy for meaningful content while avoiding the computational burden of processing and storing noise data.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Reliability

If areas of non-content are encoded to preserve frame accuracy, then complete visual information is captured, but the percentage of bits for non-content areas becomes significant

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveframe accuracyVSAvoidpercentage of bits for non-content
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality assessment to each block, determining whether it contains content or noise. Blocks identified as non-content areas are encoded with reduced quality or skipped entirely, thereby significantly reducing the percentage of bits consumed by non-content areas while maintaining frame accuracy for content-containing regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent discards noise information in non-content blocks by not encoding them, rather than preserving all frame data. This selective discarding approach reduces bit consumption for non-content areas while the encoded content blocks recover and preserve the essential visual information needed for accurate frame representation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces storage and transmission bandwidth by focusing on encoding only relevant content, maintaining picture quality and reducing computational resources, while allowing for efficient compression without introducing artifacts.

Implementation Method 1

using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) to identify and exclude noise from the encoding process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiscrete Cosine Transform:

Data Source

PatentUS8422561B2Method and system for low-subband content discrimination
Publication Date: 2013.04.16 MARCH NETWORKS
  • US8422561B2 patent drawing
  • US8422561B2 patent drawing
  • US8422561B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A method and system are provided for discriminating areas of content from areas of noise in difference images of a digital video sequence. This allows the fewest bits possible to be used to encode areas of noise according to a video compression algorithm. The method comprises computing a difference frame from current image data and a reference frame; comparing at least one component of a candidate block within the difference frame to a threshold value to discriminate between content and noise; and encoding the candidate block if content is detected.