Video Watermarking Using Temporal Amplitude Modulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing video watermarking technologies face challenges in achieving high detectability while maintaining low visibility, as imperceptible watermarks are difficult to detect accurately due to their similarity to the original video content.
Innovation Solution
The system varies a watermark pattern based on frame numbers using functions like square wave or sinusoidal patterns, applying different amplitudes to even and odd frames, and employs inter-frame processing techniques such as differencing to enhance detectability while minimizing visibility, allowing for robust and efficient watermark detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If a watermark is made imperceptible to human detection, then it does not draw the attention of the audience, but it becomes less differentiated from the original work and harder to detect accurately
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action by modulating the watermark signal with temporal patterns such as square waves or sinusoidal functions that alternate between different amplitudes across successive video frames. This periodic modulation creates detectable variations in the watermark signal strength over time, allowing the watermark to remain imperceptible in individual frames while becoming detectable through temporal analysis of multiple frames.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from spatial domain watermarking to temporal domain watermarking by applying the watermark signal across the time dimension of video sequences. Instead of embedding the watermark only in the spatial characteristics of individual frames, the invention utilizes the temporal dimension by varying watermark amplitude across frames according to known periodic functions, enabling detection through temporal correlation analysis.
2Reliability
If a watermark is designed to be robust against manipulations, then it survives compression and distortion, but it becomes more perceptible and draws audience attention
Solution Approach 1:
The periodic modulation of the watermark signal across video frames provides robustness against frame-level manipulations such as compression and distortion. Since the watermark pattern repeats periodically across frames with known temporal characteristics, the watermark can withstand individual frame degradation while maintaining detectability through temporal averaging and correlation with the expected periodic pattern.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges the watermark signal with the natural temporal variations present in video content by using periodic modulation that correlates with frame-to-frame changes. This combining approach allows the watermark to be embedded within the temporal dynamics of the video itself, making it more resilient to manipulation while remaining imperceptible as it follows the natural rhythm of video playback.
Data Source
AI summary
In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in a system that includes a user interface device; and one or more computers operable to interact with the user interface device and to perform operations including: receiving video data including frames; varying a watermark pattern in accordance with a function of frame numbers of the frames of the video data to create multiple variations of the watermark pattern; applying the variations of the watermark pattern to the video data in respective frames; and outputting the watermarked video data. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding methods, apparatus, and computer program products, as well as corresponding receiver and watermark detection system, methods, apparatus, and computer program products.