Viewing Angle Control Element with Electrochromic Louvers

The patent applies preliminary action by forming protrusions on the conductive patterns before depositing the electrochromic material. These pre-formed protrusions serve as nucleation sites that guide the electrochromic material deposition, enabling the formation of high louvers with lower voltage and shorter deposition time compared to conventional methods where deposition occurs directly on flat conductive patterns.

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming protrusions on the conductive patterns before electrochromic material deposition. These protrusions accelerate the deposition process by providing ready-made nucleation sites, significantly reducing the time required to form high louvers compared to depositing on flat surfaces where nucleation must occur from scratch.

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the electrochromic layer into discrete louvers that are spaced apart rather than forming a continuous film. This segmentation creates a louver structure where light transmission occurs through the gaps between louvers, enabling simultaneous high transmittance in the normal direction and effective blocking of oblique angle visibility, as the louver geometry and spacing can be optimized for specific viewing angle control.