Virtual Boundaries for Repositionable Arm Collision Avoidance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing collision avoidance systems for medical devices with repositionable arms, particularly in teleoperation, face challenges in predicting and preventing collisions in real-time due to delays in motion planning and reliance on actual collisions for feedback, leading to potential damage and poor operator experience.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of virtual boundaries around the repositionable arms, using high-fidelity CAD or kinematic models, which detect overlaps and apply feedback forces to prevent collisions before actual contact, enhancing haptic feedback and stability while allowing closer operation without damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If motion planning is used for collision avoidance, then collision prediction can be made, but real-time control is delayed due to operator teleoperation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollision avoidance reliabilityVSAvoidcontrol response time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary collision detection by checking if the desired end effector position would cause a collision before executing the motion. The control system evaluates potential collisions in advance based on the operator's teleoperation commands and prevents harmful motions before they occur, resolving the contradiction between reliable collision avoidance and real-time response.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Ease of operation

If collision detection is used instead of avoidance, then real-time feedback is provided, but actual collisions occur causing damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperator feedback responsivenessVSAvoiddamage to sterile field and equipment
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies preliminary anti-action by detecting desired positions that would lead to collision and preventing those motions before actual contact occurs. The control system rejects commands that would cause the repositionable arm to collide with other arms or equipment, providing real-time feedback to the operator while preventing damage to the sterile field and equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

3Device complexity

If large circumscribing volumes are used for collision detection, then collision prediction is simplified, but operational freedom is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollision detection complexityVSAvoidarm operational range
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using large circumscribing volumes, the system applies local quality by performing collision detection at the specific end effector level. The control system evaluates collisions locally at the desired end effector position rather than using conservative large-volume approaches, maintaining simplicity while preserving full operational freedom of the repositionable arms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP3419543B1System for collision avoidance using virtual boundaries
Publication Date: 2023.04.05 INTUITIVE SURGICAL OPERATIONS INC
  • EP3419543B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3419543B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3419543B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A system and method of collision avoidance includes determining first positions of first joints of a first repositionable arm and second positions of second joints of a second repositionable arm. Distal ends of the first and second repositionable arms are configured to support first and second instruments, respectively. The system and method further include determining first and second virtual boundaries around the first and second repositionable arms, determining an overlap between the first and second virtual boundaries, determining an overlap force on the first repositionable arm due to the overlap, mapping the overlap force to virtual torques on the first joints proximal to the overlap, determining a tip force on a distal end of the first instrument, and applying the tip force as feedback on the first instrument.