Virtual Orthogonal Axes for 3D Surface Scanning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current techniques are not well-suited for scanning complex shapes, particularly those with curved surfaces defined in 3D space, necessitating a need for efficient scanning methods suitable for non-destructive testing.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus that utilize two virtual, orthogonal axes to control the scanning path of a probe, allowing for precise positioning and movement over complex surfaces, enabling efficient scanning of objects with curved shapes in 3D space.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If traditional grid-based scanning with rectangular pixels is used, then scanning of flat or slightly curved objects is efficient, but scanning of complex curved surfaces in 3D space becomes inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from a 2D rectangular grid system to a 3D coordinate system that accounts for curved surfaces. By introducing virtual orthogonal axes that adapt to the surface geometry in three-dimensional space, the system can accurately map complex shapes while maintaining measurement precision through spatial transformation of the scanning grid.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs dynamic adjustment of the scanning grid by calculating virtual orthogonal axes that adapt to local surface curvature. Instead of a fixed rectangular grid, the system dynamically reorients the scanning axes based on the surface normal vectors at each location, enabling accurate scanning of complex curved surfaces while maintaining consistent measurement intervals.
2Measurement precision
If a single probe is moved along fixed axes, then the scanning system is simple to operate, but it cannot maintain constant distance and orientation over curved surfaces
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces virtual orthogonal axes as an intermediary computational layer between the physical probe and the surface. These virtual axes are calculated based on surface geometry and used to generate adjusted motion commands, allowing the probe to maintain constant distance and orientation over curved surfaces without requiring complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical systems for maintaining constant probe-to-surface distance with a computational approach. Instead of using additional mechanical actuators or feedback mechanisms, the system uses software calculations to determine virtual axes and adjusts the scanning path accordingly, reducing mechanical complexity while maintaining measurement precision.
3Reliability
If transmission scanning with emitting and receiving probes is used, then internal flaws can be detected, but the system does not account for exit surface geometry
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extends the virtual orthogonal axes system to handle both entry and exit surfaces in transmission scanning. The same computational framework that adapts to the entry surface is also applied to the exit surface, allowing the system to accurately track both surfaces simultaneously and maintain proper probe orientation for reliable flaw detection throughout the object.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables effective non-destructive testing of complex shapes by accurately mapping and inspecting surfaces, providing detailed C-Scan images and detecting flaws beneath the surface without causing damage.
Implementation Method 1
A structure of an object is typically mapped by software using a grid... a scanning motion is obtained by moving a probe, for example an ultrasonic probe
Implementation Method 2
Encoder signals of the main scanning axis (for example x) are monitored by an encoder counter that generates the trigger signals at required probe positions
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for scanning an object. Two virtual, orthogonal axes are positioned on a surface of the object. A scanning path of a moving probe is controlled as a function of the two virtual, orthogonal axes. The scanning path can include a plurality of probe positions determined according to a desired coverage of the object. A single probe can be used or, optionally, a pair of probes or an array of probes can be used, optionally mounting the probes on a multi-axis movable support. Optionally, a computer-aided design representing the object can be used to parameterize the object. The method and apparatus can be used to create an image of the object for non-destructive testing.