Visible Light Photocatalysis for Dichloro Olefin Addition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for synthesizing dichloro compounds face challenges such as harsh reaction conditions, low yield, narrow substrate range, and the use of toxic, harmful chlorine sources, leading to environmental pollution and high costs.
Innovation Solution
A method involving photocatalysis under visible light using copper chloride as a catalyst and hydrochloric acid as a chlorine source, which allows for mild reaction conditions and wide substrate applicability, avoiding the need for expensive precious metals and complex reaction setups.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional methods use expensive precious metal catalysts and complex reaction systems, then catalytic activity is improved, but manufacturing cost and device complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive precious metal catalysts (Ru, Ir, Os) with inexpensive copper chloride catalyst that can be easily obtained and disposed of. The copper catalyst system achieves comparable catalytic activity without requiring complex reaction setups, nanomaterials, or expensive equipment, thus reducing both manufacturing cost and device complexity while maintaining reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the reaction parameters by using visible light irradiation (400-780 nm wavelength range) instead of UV light, and employs copper chloride with specific visible light absorption characteristics. This parameter change enables the use of inexpensive catalysts and simplifies the reaction system while maintaining high catalytic activity for dichloro compound synthesis
2Productivity
If traditional methods use toxic chlorine sources and harsh reaction conditions, then reaction efficiency is improved, but environmental pollution and safety hazards increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the reaction conditions from harsh thermal or UV conditions to mild visible light irradiation at room temperature. The chlorine source is changed from toxic reagents to hydrochloric acid, which is less hazardous. These parameter changes maintain high reaction efficiency while significantly reducing environmental pollution and safety hazards
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the typically harmful combination of chlorine and light into a beneficial process by using visible light to activate copper chloride, which then catalyzes the reaction with hydrochloric acid to produce dichloro compounds. The visible light, which is non-hazardous compared to UV light, becomes the activating energy source, turning a potentially harmful photochemical process into a safe and efficient reaction
3Power
If traditional methods use UV light or thermal activation, then reaction initiation is achieved, but energy consumption and reaction harshness increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the activation method from high-energy UV light or thermal heating to low-energy visible light irradiation. The copper chloride catalyst is specifically selected for its visible light absorption properties, enabling reaction initiation at room temperature without excessive energy input. This parameter change reduces energy consumption while maintaining effective reaction initiation capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes thermal activation (heating) with photochemical activation using visible light. Instead of providing thermal energy to initiate the reaction, the system uses photons to excite the copper chloride catalyst, which then facilitates the reaction at room temperature. This substitution reduces energy consumption and eliminates the need for harsh thermal conditions
4Manufacturing precision
If traditional methods use narrow substrate scope reagents, then reaction selectivity is improved, but adaptability and versatility decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal photocatalytic system using copper chloride and visible light that can accommodate a wide variety of olefin substrates with different structures (terminal, internal, cyclic, acyclic). The copper catalyst and visible light activation provide a multi-functional platform that maintains high reaction selectivity for dichloro addition while being adaptable to diverse substrates, thus achieving both precision and versatility
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach results in a green, energy-saving, and cost-effective synthesis of dichloro addition products with high yield and improved environmental sustainability, utilizing commercially available reagents and avoiding the use of hazardous materials.
Implementation Method 1
a transition metal chloride with visible light absorption ability is used to undergo light-induced electron transfer with a reaction substrate, thereby initiating an addition reaction
Implementation Method 2
visible light is used to provide the energy required for the reaction, and a transition metal chloride with visible light absorption ability is used to undergo light-induced electron transfer with a reaction substrate
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides a method for producing a dichloro addition product of an aliphatic olefin by photocatalysis under visible light. The method includes reacting an aliphatic olefin as a substrate with hydrochloric acid as a chlorine source in an organic solvent under visible light irradiation in the presence of copper chloride with visible light absorption ability as a catalyst, to obtain the dichloro addition product of the aliphatic olefin, wherein the reaction is carried out under an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the aliphatic olefin comprises a carbon-carbon double bond and a C9-C15 aliphatic chain connected to the carbon-carbon double bond by a covalent bond. In the invention, visible light is used to provide the energy and a transition metal chloride with visible light absorption ability is used to undergo light-induced electron transfer from chloride with a reaction substrate, thereby initiating an addition reaction to obtain a dichloro addition product.