Vision-Based Autonomous Mower Navigation Without Boundary Wires

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing autonomous lawn mowers rely on boundary wires for navigation, which are costly, cumbersome, and prone to failure, and are limited by the machines' computing resources and battery life, making them unsuitable for more sophisticated navigation methods.

Innovation Solution

The method employs feature extraction and object recognition using cameras to generate vision-based pose data, allowing autonomous machines to navigate within a work region without boundary wires, utilizing a training mode to define boundaries, an offline mode to process images and create a 3D point cloud, and an online mode to correct positions using sensor fusion.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If boundary wires are used for navigation, then the autonomous mower can stay within predefined boundaries, but the system becomes costly, cumbersome, and prone to failure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenavigation reliabilityVSAvoidboundary wire system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the navigation function from the boundary wire system and implements it through vision-based autonomous navigation. The mower uses cameras and image processing to detect boundaries and navigate without physical wires, eliminating the cumbersome infrastructure while maintaining boundary adherence capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical boundary wire system with an optical/vision-based system. Instead of using physical wires that the mower detects through mechanical means, the system uses cameras to capture images and processes these visually to determine navigation paths and boundary locations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If sophisticated navigation methods are used, then navigation accuracy improves, but computing resources and battery life are exceeded

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenavigation precisionVSAvoidbattery consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements selective image processing where not all images require full sophisticated processing. The system uses basic image capture continuously but applies computationally intensive feature extraction and 3D point cloud generation only when needed for boundary detection or position correction, conserving battery while maintaining precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The navigation system is divided into multiple processing stages: basic image capture, feature detection, 3D point cloud generation, and position correction. Each stage can be independently activated based on computational resource availability, allowing the system to balance precision requirements with energy constraints

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Ease of operation

If boundary wires are used to define work region boundaries, then navigation is simplified, but installation and reconfiguration becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenavigation operationVSAvoidboundary installation ease
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a digital copy of the work region boundaries through vision-based detection and 3D point cloud generation. Instead of installing physical wires to define boundaries, the system captures images of the environment, processes these to identify boundary features, and creates a virtual representation that guides navigation, making reconfiguration as simple as capturing new images

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Data Source

PatentEP4104029B1Autonomous machine navigation with object detection and 3D point cloud
Publication Date: 2025.07.09 THE TORO COMPANY
  • EP4104029B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4104029B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP4104029B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

Autonomous machine navigation techniques may determine vision-based pose data based on feature data and object recognition data extracted from images. The vision-based pose data may be used to generate a three-dimensional point cloud that represents at least a work region. The vision-based pose data may be used to determine an operational vision-based pose relative to the three-dimensional point cloud.