Visually Variable Security Element with Two-Layer Color Mirror

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing optically variable security elements are costly to produce due to thick dielectric spacer layers and struggle to combine color mirrors with register-accurate, colorless negative text elements, leading to undesirable build-up and limited versatility in reflective colors.

Innovation Solution

A two-layer color mirror comprising a reflective metal layer and an ultra-thin absorber layer made of silicon or its alloys, with varying layer thicknesses to achieve a wide range of reflection colors, combined with a relief structure to create an optically variable and attractive appearance, allowing for cost-effective production and integration with non-metallic color impressions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If thick dielectric spacer layers (200-400 nm) are used to achieve color shift effects, then the optical thickness can be controlled, but production becomes time-consuming and expensive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical thickness controlVSAvoidproduction speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the thickness parameter of the dielectric spacer layer from conventional thick (200-400 nm) to ultra-thin (1-200 nm). This parameter change enables the same optical thickness control function to be achieved with much thinner layers, reducing material usage and production time while maintaining the color shift effect through precise thickness control in the nanometer range

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces expensive, time-consuming thick dielectric spacer layer production with cheaper, faster ultra-thin layer deposition. The ultra-thin absorber layer can be produced more rapidly using modern deposition techniques, making the security element more cost-effective while maintaining optical functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Ease of manufacture

If colored semi-transparent paints are applied to metal surfaces, then color mirrors can be formed, but register-accurate and colorless negative text elements cannot be easily combined

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor mirror formationVSAvoidintegration with negative text
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the color mirror structure into two distinct layers: a reflective metal layer and a separate ultra-thin absorber layer. This segmentation allows independent optimization and processing of each layer, enabling the absorber layer to be selectively removed or patterned to create register-accurate negative text elements without affecting the underlying metal layer, thus achieving both color mirror effects and text integration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The ultra-thin absorber layer acts as an intermediary between the metal layer and the viewer. It can be selectively removed in specific areas to create transparent or reflective regions for negative text, while remaining intact in other areas to provide color filtering. This intermediary layer enables versatile design combinations without compromising either color mirror formation or text element integration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of manufacture

If lacquer layers are applied to metal surfaces, then color mirrors can be created, but the additional thickness leads to stronger build-up which is disadvantageous

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor mirror productionVSAvoidlayer thickness
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent dramatically changes the thickness parameter of the absorber layer from conventional lacquer layer thickness (typically micrometers) to ultra-thin thickness (1-200 nm). This parameter change reduces the layer thickness by factors of 10-100 times, eliminating the unwanted build-up effect while maintaining the color filtering function through precise nanometer-scale thickness control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables the production of cost-effective optically variable security elements with high security against forgery, offering a range of reflective colors and seamless integration with non-metallic elements, enhancing authenticity verification.

Implementation Method 1

an ultra-thin absorber layer made of silicon, a silicon alloy or SiOx with x < 2, in particular amorphous silicon, which is applied to the relief structure together with the metal layer or applied to the metal layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

a reflective metal layer and an ultra-thin absorber layer made of silicon, a silicon alloy or SiOx with x < 2... together produce an optically variable and colored appearance in reflection

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 3

The color shift effect of such thin-film elements is based on viewing angle-dependent interference effects due to multiple reflections in the various sub-layers of the element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP3302995B1Visually variable security element
Publication Date: 2019.04.10 GIESECKE & DEVRIENT CURRENCY TECHNOLOGY GMBH
  • EP3302995B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3302995B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3302995B1 patent drawingFigure 5~7

AI summary

The invention relates to a visibly variable security element (12) for securing valuable objects, wherein a relief structure (22) and a two-layer color mirror (30) are arranged one over the other and, in interaction, produce a visually variable and colored appearance in reflection, wherein the two-layer color mirror (30) consists of a reflective metal layer (32) and an ultra-thin absorber layer (34), which is arranged on the metal layer (32) and consists of silicon, a silicon alloy, or SiOx with x &lt; 1.