VLF Band Sensor Array for Power Distribution Network Fault Detection

The patent introduces an intermediary signal injection device that injects known test signals into the power distribution network. This intermediary device enables passive sensors to measure network properties by providing a reference signal that interacts with the network impedance and transformer characteristics, thereby achieving precise measurement without requiring complex active sensors at every monitoring point.

The patent replaces the need for complex active sensing mechanisms with a simpler system consisting of signal injection devices and passive sensors. Instead of using mechanically or electronically complex active sensors that generate and detect signals themselves, the system substitutes this with external signal injection and passive detection, reducing device complexity while maintaining measurement precision.

The patent applies preliminary action by injecting test signals before faults occur to establish baseline network characteristics. The signal injection devices continuously or periodically inject known signals into the network, allowing the system to detect deviations from normal operation that indicate faults or transformer failures. This preliminary characterization enables reliable fault detection while maintaining ease of operation through automated monitoring.

The patent implements feedback by comparing the injected test signals with the signals received by passive sensors. The system analyzes the relationship between transmitted and received signals to detect changes in network properties that indicate faults or transformer failures. This feedback mechanism enhances reliability by providing continuous monitoring and automatic detection without requiring complex manual intervention.

The patent applies universality by designing signal injection devices that can measure multiple network properties (impedance, network gains, transformer winding ratios) simultaneously using the same hardware platform. This multi-functional approach improves measurement precision for various parameters without proportionally increasing device complexity, as a single injection device serves multiple measurement purposes.

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the monitoring system into separate functional modules: signal injection devices, passive sensors, and processing units. This modular segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently, improving overall measurement precision while managing device complexity through modular design that facilitates easier installation, maintenance, and scaling.