VLIW Instruction Packet Decoding With Split Opcode Routing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing VLIW CPU architectures face inefficiencies in decoding and dispatching instructions due to variable instruction sizes, leading to increased processing time and reduced CPU performance.

Innovation Solution

A decoding scheme that identifies and decodes a fixed primary portion of each instruction, allowing for quicker identification and dispatching to functional units, while deferring decoding of variable secondary portions, thereby optimizing CPU speed and performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the entire opcode portion is decoded for each instruction to determine its type and routing, then instruction decoding completeness is improved, but processing time increases and CPU performance decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstruction decoding completenessVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The opcode portion is segmented into a fixed primary portion and a variable secondary portion. The primary portion is decoded for all instructions to determine basic operation type and routing, while the secondary portion is only decoded when necessary based on the primary portion's decode results. This segmentation resolves the contradiction by ensuring complete decoding reliability when needed while reducing processing time for common cases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The primary portion of the opcode is decoded preliminarily for all instructions before determining whether to decode the secondary portion. This preliminary decoding action provides sufficient information for instruction routing and functional unit selection in most cases, avoiding the time cost of decoding the entire opcode when the primary portion is sufficient.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Adaptability or versatility

If variable size instruction portions are decoded using iterative schemes, then instruction format flexibility is improved, but decoding complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstruction format flexibilityVSAvoiddecoding complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The instruction is segmented into a fixed primary portion and a variable secondary portion. The primary portion uses a simple, non-iterative decode scheme that is always executed, while the secondary portion is only decoded when the primary portion indicates it is necessary. This segmentation reduces decoding complexity from fully iterative to conditional decoding while maintaining support for variable instruction formats.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The decoder performs partial decoding of the primary portion for all instructions, which is sufficient for determining instruction routing and functional unit selection. The secondary portion is decoded only when necessary, avoiding excessive decoding actions that would increase complexity without providing additional benefit for common instruction types.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Measurement precision

If the entire instruction packet is decoded sequentially, then instruction identification accuracy is improved, but CPU throughput decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstruction identification accuracyVSAvoidCPU throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The instruction packet is segmented into multiple instructions, each with a primary and optional secondary opcode portion. The primary portions are decoded in parallel for all instructions in the packet, enabling simultaneous identification of multiple instructions. The secondary portions are decoded only when necessary, maintaining identification accuracy while significantly improving throughput through parallel processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The primary portions of all instructions in the packet are decoded preliminarily in parallel before any secondary decoding occurs. This preliminary action provides sufficient identification information for all instructions, enabling the CPU to dispatch instructions to appropriate functional units without waiting for complete decoding of variable-length instructions, thus improving throughput.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP4275118B1Instruction packing scheme for VLIW CPU architecture
Publication Date: 2026.01.07 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC
  • EP4275118B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4275118B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP4275118B1 patent drawingFigure 6

AI summary

A processor is provided and includes a core that is configured to perform a decode operation on a multi-instruction packet (500) comprising multiple instructions. The decode operation includes receiving the multi-instruction packet (500) that includes first and second instructions (502, 504). The first instruction (502) includes a primary portion (508) at a fixed first location and a secondary portion (510). The second instruction (504) includes a primary portion (512) at a fixed second location between the primary portion (508) of the first instruction (502) and the secondary portion (510) of the first instruction (502). An operational code portion of the primary portion (510, 512) of each of the first and second instructions (502, 504) is accessed and decoded. An instruction packet including the primary and secondary portions (508, 510) of the first instruction (502) is created, and a second instruction (504) packet including the primary portion (512) of the second instruction (504) is created. The first and second instructions packets are dispatched to respective first and second functional units.