VOC-Guided Coffee Roasting Control for Consistent Roast Degree

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing coffee roasting apparatuses struggle to consistently achieve the desired level of roasting due to variability in roasting time and temperature, leading to inconsistent results in achieving light or dark roasts across different coffee bean varieties and harvests.

Innovation Solution

A coffee roasting apparatus that monitors the rate of change in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration during the roasting process, using this data to control the roasting element and adjust the roasting time, thereby ensuring consistent roasting by identifying key phases such as first and second cracking, and applying predetermined roasting control profiles.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If roasting time and temperature are controlled manually or with simple settings, then the apparatus is easy to operate, but the roasting results are inconsistent across different coffee bean varieties and harvests

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveroasting consistencyVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs feedback control by monitoring the rate of change in VOC concentration during roasting and using this information to adjust the roasting process. The system continuously measures VOC levels and modifies heating parameters based on the detected rate of change, creating a closed-loop control system that adapts to variations in coffee bean characteristics while maintaining consistent roasting results.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the control parameter from simple time/temperature settings to the rate of change in VOC concentration. By using VOC rate of change as the primary control parameter, the system can dynamically adjust roasting conditions to account for differences between coffee bean varieties and harvests, achieving consistent results across diverse inputs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If fixed roasting time and temperature profiles are used, then the control process is simple, but the desired roasting degree cannot be consistently achieved across different coffee bean varieties

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveroasting result consistencyVSAvoidVOC concentration monitoring
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical/time-based control systems with a chemical sensing system that monitors VOC concentration. Instead of relying on fixed temporal profiles, the system uses chemical analysis (VOC detection) to determine roasting state, substituting a more sophisticated measurement approach for simple time-based control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The VOC concentration serves as an intermediary parameter that links the physical roasting process to the control system. Rather than directly measuring temperature and time, the system uses VOC rate of change as an intermediate indicator of the chemical transformations occurring during roasting, which then drives control decisions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Manufacturing precision

If the roasting process monitors VOC concentration rate of change, then precise control and consistent results are achieved, but the device complexity and measurement requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveroasting degree controlVSAvoidVOC concentration measurement
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention shifts from measuring absolute VOC concentration to measuring the rate of change in VOC concentration. This parameter transformation allows the system to detect critical transition points in the roasting process (such as cracking events) more reliably, improving control precision while reducing the need for extremely sensitive absolute concentration measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for precise control over the roasting process, ensuring consistent and predictable results in achieving the desired level of roast, enhancing the reproducibility and quality of roasted coffee beans.

Implementation Method 1

During roasting at temperatures above 170°C, water is redistributed, and complex chemical reactions such as Maillard reaction and pyrolysis are induced.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMaillard reaction:

Implementation Method 2

During roasting at temperatures above 170°C, water is redistributed, and complex chemical reactions such as Maillard reaction and pyrolysis are induced.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyrolysis: Pyrolysis

Implementation Method 3

a sensor for determining said total concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) residing in the compartment

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVolatile organic compounds release:

Data Source

PatentEP3209148B1Coffee roasting apparatus, coffee brewing apparatus and coffee roasting method
Publication Date: 2020.04.22 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV
  • EP3209148B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3209148B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3209148B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A coffee roasting apparatus (100) is disclosed comprising a compartment (110) for holding coffee beans (10); a roasting element (140) for roasting the coffee beans in said compartment; and a controller (130) for controlling the roasting element, wherein the controller is adapted to control the roasting element as a function of the concentration of volatile organic compounds residing in the compartment. A coffee brewing apparatus including such a coffee roasting apparatus and a coffee roasting method are also disclosed.