Voltage Detection Circuit Segmentation for High-Voltage Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing voltage detecting apparatuses face challenges in detecting high-voltage objects without using high-withstand voltage electronic components, struggle with fast voltage changes due to low input impedance, and fail to accurately detect high-frequency AC voltages.
Innovation Solution
A voltage detecting apparatus with a detection electrode, a current-to-voltage converting circuit, an integrating circuit, and an insulating circuit that uses a low-cost operational amplifier and optical or transformer-based insulation to maintain high impedance and accurately detect AC voltages across a wide frequency range.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a current-to-voltage converter with high withstand voltage is used to detect high-voltage objects, then the detection capability for high-voltage objects is improved, but the apparatus cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The detection system is divided into two separate circuits: a first circuit that interfaces with the high-voltage detection electrode and a second circuit that performs the current-to-voltage conversion. This segmentation allows each circuit to be optimized independently, enabling the use of low-cost components in the second circuit while maintaining high-voltage detection capability in the first circuit.
Solution Approach 2:
A first circuit acts as an intermediary between the high-voltage detection electrode and the current-to-voltage converter. This intermediary circuit isolates the converter from high-voltage stress, allowing the use of standard low-cost operational amplifiers while still enabling high-voltage object detection through the two-stage architecture.
2Power
If a current-to-voltage converter with low input impedance is used, then the conversion efficiency is improved, but the feedback circuit experiences heavy load causing inability to follow fast voltage changes
Solution Approach 1:
The system separates the high-impedance detection function from the low-impedance conversion function into two distinct circuits. The first circuit maintains high input impedance to minimize loading on the detection electrode, while the second circuit provides efficient current-to-voltage conversion, thus resolving the contradiction between conversion efficiency and response speed.
Solution Approach 2:
The first circuit serves as an intermediary buffer between the detection electrode and the current-to-voltage converter. This buffer maintains high input impedance to avoid heavy loading on the feedback circuit, allowing the system to respond quickly to fast voltage changes while still enabling efficient conversion in the second stage.
3Device complexity
If direct connection between detection electrode and current-to-voltage converter is used, then the circuit complexity is reduced, but the risk of overvoltage breakdown increases
Solution Approach 1:
The direct connection is replaced by a two-stage segmented architecture. The first circuit stage handles the high-voltage interface with the detection electrode, while the second stage performs the current-to-voltage conversion. This segmentation introduces necessary isolation to prevent overvoltage breakdown while maintaining relatively simple circuit designs in each stage.
Solution Approach 2:
A first circuit is introduced as an intermediary protective layer between the detection electrode and the current-to-voltage converter. This intermediary circuit isolates the converter from high-voltage stress, significantly reducing the risk of overvoltage breakdown while keeping the overall circuit design straightforward and easy to implement.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables reliable detection of high-voltage objects with low-cost components, improves detection precision for fast voltage changes and high-frequency AC voltages, and reduces the risk of overvoltage breakdown.
Implementation Method 1
an insulating circuit that uses a low-cost operational amplifier and optical or transformer-based insulation to maintain high impedance
Implementation Method 2
a current-to-voltage converting circuit including an operational amplifier that has a first input terminal set at a reference voltage and a second input terminal directly or indirectly connected to the detection electrode and that converts a detection current
Implementation Method 3
an integrating circuit that integrates the detection voltage signal and outputs an integrated signal whose amplitude changes in accordance with the potential difference
Data Source
AI summary
A voltage detecting apparatus detects a detected AC voltage generated in a detected object, and includes a detection electrode that is disposed facing the detected object, a detection unit that operates on a floating power supply generated with a voltage of a reference voltage unit as a reference and outputs a detection signal, and a standard signal outputting unit that outputs a standard signal to the reference voltage unit. The voltage detecting apparatus also includes an insulating unit that inputs the detection signal and outputs an insulated detection signal, a feedback control unit that amplifies the insulated detection signal, and a signal extracting unit that amplifies the insulated detection and outputs a signal component as an output signal.