Voltage-Sensing Circuit Breaker for Fast Short-Circuit Isolation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing protective switching devices for low-voltage circuits lack efficient and rapid means of short-circuit detection and safe interruption, often relying on current measurements that can be unreliable and slow.

Innovation Solution

A protective switching device utilizing a voltage sensor to determine instantaneous phase-angle-related voltage values, comparing them with pre-set thresholds for rapid short-circuit detection and interruption, eliminating the need for current sensors and incorporating both electronic and mechanical isolation mechanisms for enhanced safety.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a traditional circuit breaker with separate trip unit and operating mechanism is used, then reliability is improved through redundancy, but device complexity increases and maintenance difficulty increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit breaker reliabilityVSAvoidcircuit breaker structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the trip unit and operating mechanism into a single integrated cartridge assembly. The trip unit includes trip elements, timing mechanisms, and signaling components all housed within one replaceable cartridge that interfaces with the operating mechanism, eliminating the need for separate redundant components while maintaining reliability through the unified design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit breaker is divided into modular components: a reusable operating mechanism housing and a replaceable trip unit cartridge. This segmentation allows the complex trip unit to be easily replaced without affecting the operating mechanism, simplifying maintenance and reducing overall device complexity while maintaining reliability through modular redundancy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If a circuit breaker requires replacement of entire assembly upon trip unit failure, then reliability is maintained, but loss of time increases and productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit breaker reliabilityVSAvoidreplacement time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The trip unit is designed as a separate replaceable cartridge that can be quickly swapped out without replacing the entire circuit breaker assembly. The operating mechanism remains in place and can accept different trip unit cartridges, enabling rapid replacement and minimizing downtime while maintaining system reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

When the trip unit fails, only the cartridge portion is discarded or sent for servicing while the expensive operating mechanism housing is recovered and reused. This allows the trip unit to be replaced or refurbished independently, significantly reducing replacement time and costs while maintaining overall system reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

3Reliability

If circuit breaker components are made highly reliable through redundancy, then reliability improves, but ease of repair worsens due to increased complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit breaker reliabilityVSAvoidcircuit breaker maintenance ease
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The circuit breaker is segmented into a reusable operating mechanism and a replaceable trip unit cartridge. This segmentation allows field personnel to quickly replace only the failed trip unit without disassembling or diagnosing the complex operating mechanism, significantly improving ease of repair while maintaining reliability through the robust operating mechanism design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The modular cartridge design enables field personnel to perform repairs by simply replacing the trip unit cartridge without requiring specialized tools or extensive technical knowledge. The standardized interface allows for quick connection and disconnection, making the system self-service friendly while maintaining high reliability through the protected operating mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP4238199B1Circuit breaker device and method
Publication Date: 2026.04.15 SIEMENS AG
  • EP4238199B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4238199B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4238199B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a circuit breaker device for protection of an electrical low-voltage circuit, in which: - the voltage level of the low-voltage circuit is determined in such a way that current voltage values (DU) are provided, - that current threshold values (SWU) are provided, - that the current voltage values (DU) are compared with the current threshold values (SWU) in terms of phase angle in such a way that when the current threshold values are exceeded or undershot or - that a differential voltage value (DW) is formed from the current threshold value (SWU) and the current voltage value (DU), the differential voltage value (DW) is compared with a differential voltage threshold value (DSW) and when it is exceeded or undershot - an interruption of the low-voltage circuit is initiated in order to avoid a short-circuit current.