Voltage Set Point Control via Robust Optimization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing power grid voltage control methods are inefficient in handling fast power flow variations and uncertainties, particularly with the integration of renewable energy sources, leading to complex and time-consuming calculations.

Innovation Solution

A robust optimization method is employed using tolerance ranges for active and reactive power, allowing for flexible voltage control by determining a voltage set point that satisfies constraints across a range of uncertain parameters, with the option to minimize deviations from nominal voltages, and utilizing linear programming for efficient computation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If iterative solution of power flow equations is used to determine optimal voltage levels, then voltage control accuracy is improved, but calculation time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage control accuracyVSAvoidcalculation time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the voltage optimization problem from the full iterative power flow solution by directly calculating optimal voltage levels at PV buses based on power flow variations at PQ buses, eliminating the need for repeated iterative solutions while maintaining control accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary calculation of tolerance ranges for active power at PQ buses before determining voltage setpoints, allowing direct computation of optimal voltages without iterative refinement, thus reducing calculation time while preserving accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Adaptability or versatility

If tolerance ranges for active power are incorporated into voltage control, then adaptability to uncertain power flows is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadaptability to uncertain power flowsVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the control approach from fixed voltage setpoints to tolerance range-based optimization, where voltage setpoints are dynamically determined based on the incorporated tolerance ranges of active power, enhancing adaptability without requiring complex control hardware

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces tolerance ranges as an intermediary parameter that mediates between uncertain active power flows and voltage control decisions, allowing the system to adapt to uncertainties through mathematical modeling rather than complex control mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If robust optimization with tolerance ranges is implemented, then reliability of voltage control under uncertain conditions is improved, but computational complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage control reliability under uncertaintyVSAvoidcomputational complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the essential uncertainty characterization into tolerance ranges for active power, then directly incorporates these into the voltage optimization calculation, avoiding the need for full robust optimization frameworks while maintaining reliability under uncertain conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary determination of tolerance ranges and their impact on power flow before executing the voltage optimization, allowing the system to account for uncertainties in advance and compute reliable voltage setpoints with reduced computational effort

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3002846B1Method, controller, and computer program product for controlling a voltage in a power grid
Publication Date: 2019.02.20 SIEMENS AG
  • EP3002846B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3002846B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3002846B1 patent drawing

AI summary

For controlling a voltage in a power grid comprising a PV bus (PV1, PV2) and a PQ bus (PQ1,..., PQ3), a first tolerance range for an active power of the PV bus (PV1, PV2) and a second tolerance range for an active power of the PQ bus (PQ1,...,PQ3) are received. Furthermore, a first value for a reactive power (Q) of the PQ bus (PQ1,...,PQ3) is received. With that, a robust optimization process is run for a set of power flow equations. The first and second third tolerance range and the first reactive power value (Q) are input to the robust optimization process using the first and second tolerance range as robust optimization uncertainty. With that, the robust optimization process determines a voltage set point (vst) for the PV bus (PV1, PV2) so that the set of power flow equations is fulfilled for the first and second tolerance range. According to the determined voltage set point (vst) a voltage at the PV bus (PV1, PV2) is controlled.