Voltage Stabilization Circuit with Semiconductor Switches
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Solution Overview
Problem
Modern motor vehicle electrical systems experience voltage dips during engine start-stop cycles, leading to functional losses in connected devices, which existing technologies have not adequately addressed.
Innovation Solution
A circuit with a diode element and monitoring and control circuit that decouples the first energy store from the vehicle electrical system during voltage dips, using semiconductor switches to ensure power supply from a second energy store, thereby preventing voltage drops from affecting the electrical system.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a starter battery is used to start the engine, then the engine can be started successfully, but voltage dips occur in the vehicle electrical system causing functional losses
Solution Approach 1:
The power supply system is segmented into two independent energy stores: a first energy store (starter battery) dedicated to engine starting and a second energy store (on-board power supply) dedicated to vehicle electrical systems. The isolating switch physically separates these two systems, preventing voltage dips from the starting process from affecting the vehicle electrical systems, thus resolving the contradiction between providing sufficient starting power and maintaining power supply stability.
2Reliability
If isolating relays are used to separate energy stores, then voltage dips can be prevented, but the switching process is slow and complex control is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical isolating relays with a semiconductor-based isolating switch that uses electronic control signals to achieve instantaneous switching between energy stores. This electronic switching mechanism eliminates the mechanical delay inherent in relay operations, providing rapid response time while maintaining reliable voltage stabilization. The control unit sends electronic signals to the isolating switch, enabling fast transitions without the complexity of mechanical switching mechanisms.
3Reliability
If a backup battery system with multiple isolating relays is used, then voltage dips can be prevented, but the device complexity and control requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the complex multi-relay switching system from the prior art by implementing a simplified architecture with a single isolating switch controlled by a microcontroller. This single switch, positioned between the first and second energy stores, replaces the need for multiple isolating relays and their associated control logic. The microcontroller manages the switching operation through simple electronic signals, dramatically reducing device complexity while maintaining power supply continuity and preventing voltage dips.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The circuit provides a reliable and fast voltage stabilization, ensuring continuous power supply to the vehicle electrical system without external activation, preventing power losses and damage from high current loads, and maintaining system functionality during engine starts.
Implementation Method 1
a diode element, which has a single semiconductor switch or a plurality of semiconductor switches connected in parallel
Implementation Method 2
a single semiconductor switch or a plurality of semiconductor switches connected in parallel includes a monitoring and control circuit which determines the strength of a current flowing through the diode element and controls the semiconductor switch or switches
Implementation Method 3
a monitoring and control circuit which determines the strength of a current flowing through the diode element and controls the semiconductor switch or switches
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to a circuit (20, 50) for voltage stabilization in an onboard power supply (10), particularly for motor vehicles, which is electrically connected between the onboard power supply (10) to be stabilized and a first energy store (E1). The circuit (20, 50) comprises a diode element (24) which contains a plurality of semiconductor switches (34) connected in parallel, a pilot and control circuit (33) which determines the level of a current flowing through the diode element (24) and controls the semiconductor switches (34) of the diode element (24) on the basis of the determined current level, and a second energy store (E2) which is electrically connected to the diode element (24) and to the onboard power supply (10).