Voltage Switchable Dielectric Material Using Conductor-on-Conductor Core Shelled Particles
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Solution Overview
Problem
Voltage switchable dielectric (VSD) composites loaded to just below the percolation threshold face issues with high current leakage and low loading levels, while materials loaded above the threshold are not conductive enough to provide adequate electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, necessitating a balance between 'on' and 'off' state resistance.
Innovation Solution
The use of core shelled particles with conductive cores and multilayered or heterogeneous shells, which can be tuned to optimize electrical characteristics, allowing for higher loading concentrations without losing insulative properties at low voltages and conducting at higher voltages, thereby enhancing ESD protection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If VSD composites are loaded to just below the percolation threshold with conductive particles, then insulative properties at low voltages are maintained, but current leakage increases and loading levels remain low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating particles with non-uniform conductivity distribution through core-shell structures. The conductive core provides high conductivity while the insulating shell provides low conductivity, and their ratio can be adjusted to optimize the balance between insulative properties and current leakage resistance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by combining conductive particles with insulating particles to form VSD composites. This composite structure allows the material to exhibit voltage-dependent properties, being insulative at low voltages and conductive at high voltages, while controlling both leakage current and loading levels.
2Reliability
If higher particle loading concentrations are used in VSD composites, then ESD protection is improved, but leakage current increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating particles with non-uniform conductivity distribution through core-shell structures. The conductive core provides high conductivity while the insulating shell provides low conductivity, and their ratio can be adjusted to optimize the balance between insulative properties and current leakage resistance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by combining conductive particles with insulating particles to form VSD composites. This composite structure allows the material to exhibit voltage-dependent properties, being insulative at low voltages and conductive at high voltages, while controlling both leakage current and loading levels.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces leakage current and enables higher particle loading concentrations, achieving lower clamp voltages and improved ESD protection by maintaining high resistance at low biases and switching to a conductive state at elevated voltages.
Implementation Method 1
Voltage switchable dielectric (VSD) materials are materials that are insulative at low voltages and conductive at higher voltages
Implementation Method 2
a layer of polymer is filled with high levels of metal particles to very near the percolation threshold
Implementation Method 3
These materials are used for transient protection of electronic devices, most notably electrostatic discharge protection (ESD) and electrical overstress (EOS)
Data Source
AI summary
A composition of voltage switchable dielectric (VSD) material that comprises a concentration of core shelled particles that individually comprise a conductor core and a conductor shell, so as to form a conductor-on-conductor core shell particle constituent for the VSD material.