Vortex Optical Fiber Structure for Stable STED Mode Separation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current optical imaging systems, particularly in STED microscopy, face challenges in efficiently guiding and separating excitation and depletion beams using traditional optical fibers, which limits their resolution and stability, especially in compact and rugged applications like endoscopic systems.

Innovation Solution

A vortex optical fiber with a specific refractive index profile and double cladding design is used to efficiently guide both excitation and depletion beams, allowing for minimal coupling between modes and high orbital angular momentum modes, enabling stable STED microscopy with improved resolution and compact system integration.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional optical fibers are used to guide excitation and depletion beams, then the system structure is simple, but the mode separation is insufficient and resolution is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveresolutionVSAvoidfiber structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The optical fiber is segmented into distinct functional regions: a core region for guiding the excitation beam and a ring region for guiding the depletion beam. This spatial segmentation allows independent optimization of each beam's propagation characteristics, enabling high-resolution STED microscopy through effective mode separation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the optical fiber are assigned different refractive index characteristics: the core region has a first refractive index optimized for excitation beam guidance, while the ring region has a second refractive index optimized for depletion beam guidance. This local quality differentiation enables each region to perform its specific function with high efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If traditional optical fibers are used, then manufacturing is easier, but coupling between excitation and depletion beams causes instability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam mode separation stabilityVSAvoidfiber manufacturing difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The refractive index parameters are specifically engineered to achieve effective mode separation. By controlling the refractive index difference between the core and ring regions, the fiber ensures minimal coupling between excitation and depletion modes, providing stable beam propagation for reliable STED microscopy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Volume of moving object

If compact fiber-optical systems are implemented, then system size is reduced, but mode coupling increases and performance deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem sizeVSAvoidbeam separation quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The depletion beam path is nested within the excitation beam path by placing the ring region surrounding the core region. This nested configuration allows both beams to co-propagate through the same fiber optic cable, achieving compact system integration while maintaining effective mode separation through the distinct refractive index profile.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The vortex optical fiber provides a stable and efficient means to achieve high-resolution STED microscopy by ensuring effective separation of beam modes, achieving an extinction ratio of less than -20 dB and enabling compact, rugged STED microscopy systems suitable for endoscopic applications.

Implementation Method 1

an optical vortex fiber comprising a multimode cladding defined by a low index coating; a core region guided by the optical vortex fiber; a ring region surrounding the core region

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal Internal Reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Implementation Method 2

The refractive index step of the ring is preferably sufficiently steep such that at least one of the cylindrically polarized TM 01 and TE 01 eigenmodes has an effective refractive index n eff that is sufficiently separated from the respective effective refractive index of the other eigenmodes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Data Source

PatentEP3465300B1Optical imaging system employing vortex fiber for multiple-mode illumination
Publication Date: 2023.11.22 OFS FITEL LLC
  • EP3465300B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2(c)
  • EP3465300B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3465300B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A vortex optical fiber for use in an illumination subsystem of an optical imaging system (e.g., a stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy system) includes an elongated optically transmissive medium having a set of regions including a core region, a trench region surrounding the core region, a ring region surrounding the trench region, and a cladding region, the set of regions having a doping profile providing a Δneff for vector modes in an LP11 mode group of greater than 1x 10-4 in the visible spectral range so as to simultaneously guide stable Gaussian and orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying modes at corresponding visible wavelengths.