Vortex Thruster System Multi-Level Thrust Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing rocket combustion engines face challenges in achieving efficient combustion while managing thermal stress and weight constraints, often requiring complex and costly propellant injectors and regenerative coolant channels.

Innovation Solution

A vortex thruster system that includes a catalyst bed, monopropellant injectors, and a vortex combustion chamber, allowing for controlled delivery of monopropellant at varying flow rates and the introduction of a secondary propellant to generate multiple thrust levels, while minimizing thermal loading.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If complete combustion is achieved through thorough mixing of fuel and oxidizer, then combustion efficiency is improved, but thermal stress on rocket engine hardware increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecombustion efficiencyVSAvoidthermal stress
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The combustion process is segmented into two distinct stages: first, monopropellant decomposes in a catalyst bed to produce hot gas; second, this hot gas mixes with secondary propellant in a vortex combustion chamber. This segmentation allows complete combustion to occur in controlled stages rather than simultaneously, reducing peak thermal stress on hardware while maintaining combustion efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary substance (decomposed monopropellant producing hot gas) that mediates between the fuel and oxidizer. This hot gas acts as a thermal buffer, enabling complete combustion while distributing thermal load more evenly, thereby reducing intense thermal stress on engine components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If complex propellant injectors are used to achieve high mixing rates and combustion efficiencies, then combustion efficiency is improved, but manufacturing cost and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecombustion efficiencyVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The decomposed monopropellant serves a dual function: it acts as both the oxidation source and the mixing medium for the secondary propellant. This self-service approach eliminates the need for complex multi-component injector systems, simplifying manufacturing while maintaining high combustion efficiency through natural vortex-induced mixing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes vortex flow dynamics and fluid mechanics to achieve thorough mixing of propellants. By inducing rotational flow in the combustion chamber, the system achieves high mixing rates through pneumatic principles rather than mechanical injector complexity, reducing manufacturing难度 while improving combustion efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

3Temperature

If regenerative coolant channels are included to remove heat from rocket hardware, then thermal management is improved, but system weight and size increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal managementVSAvoidsystem weight
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the thermal energy that would otherwise be harmful waste heat into a useful resource. The decomposed monopropellant generates hot gas that naturally provides thermal management by controlling combustion temperature profiles, eliminating the need for separate heavy coolant systems while maintaining effective thermal control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

4Adaptability or versatility

If multiple thrust levels are generated through varying propellant flow rates, then operational versatility is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethrust level controlVSAvoidvalve and flow control complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system achieves multiple thrust levels by changing operational parameters (propellant flow rates) rather than changing physical hardware configurations. By adjusting the flow rates of monopropellant and secondary propellant, the system provides versatile thrust control while maintaining relatively simple valve and injector hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The vortex thruster system efficiently generates multiple thrust levels, optimizing combustion efficiency and controlling thermal loads, thereby addressing the weight and cost concerns of traditional rocket engines.

Implementation Method 1

a catalyst bed configured to decompose the monopropellant into a decomposed monopropellant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalytic decomposition: Catalysis

Implementation Method 2

a vortex combustion chamber configured to receive the decomposed monopropellant from the catalyst bed, wherein the decomposed monopropellant is delivered into the vortex combustion chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCombustion: Combustion

Data Source

PatentEP3987167B1Reaction control vortex thruster system
Publication Date: 2025.01.22 SIERRA SPACE CORP
  • EP3987167B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3987167B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3987167B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Various embodiments of a vortex thruster system is described herein that is configured to create at least three discrete thrust levels. In some embodiments, the vortex thruster system is configured to decompose a monopropellant and deliver the decomposed monopropellant into a vortex combustion chamber for generating various thrust levels. In some embodiments, the vortex thruster system includes a secondary propellant valve configured to deliver a secondary propellant into the vortex combustion chamber containing decomposed monopropellant to create a high thrust level. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.