Vortex Tube Brake Ducts for Dual-Temperature Airflow Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Brake duct systems in vehicles face inefficiencies in heat dissipation due to turbulent air around brake discs, leading to overheating and reduced performance, despite conventional designs that focus on high-pressure air inlets, unrestricted airflow, and precise air delivery to brake rotors.

Innovation Solution

A brake duct system incorporating a vortex tube that splits high-pressure air into hot and cold streams, directing them to respective outlets to enhance heat dissipation and temperature control, with a controller and sensors to manage airflow based on brake and ambient conditions, and potential integration with active drag reduction systems.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If conventional brake duct systems use high-pressure air inlets and unrestricted airflow, then heat dissipation is improved, but the system cannot effectively cool brakes in freezing conditions or heat tires for optimal performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebrake temperature controlVSAvoidtemperature regulation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The brake duct system is segmented into multiple outlets: a first outlet for cooling the brake disc and a second outlet for heating the tyre. This segmentation allows independent temperature control for different components, enabling the system to address both overheating and freezing conditions simultaneously or separately.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the temperature parameter of the air stream by using a vortex tube to split the incoming air into hot and cold streams. This allows the same air intake system to provide both cooling and heating functions by adjusting which outlet receives which temperature stream, enhancing adaptability without adding separate air sources.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If brake ducts channel air from high pressure source to brake rotor, then heat dissipation rate increases, but the system lacks capability to heat brake components or tires when needed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dissipation rateVSAvoidtemperature management flexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The vortex tube acts as an intermediary device between the high-pressure air source and the brake system. It transforms the single air stream into two temperature streams (hot and cold), enabling the system to both cool brakes during overheating and heat tires during freezing conditions, thus providing temperature management flexibility while maintaining high heat dissipation capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The brake duct system achieves multi-functionality by incorporating a vortex tube and multiple outlets. The same system structure can perform both cooling (to brake disc) and heating (to tyre) functions, making it universally applicable for various temperature management scenarios without requiring separate systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Stress or pressure

If air inlet is located at front of vehicle for ram pressure, then high pressure air is provided, but the system cannot adapt to varying temperature requirements of different vehicle operating conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair pressure at inletVSAvoidresponse to operating conditions
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adapts to different operating conditions by using a controller that receives signals from temperature sensors and adjusts the distribution of hot and cold air streams to appropriate outlets. This dynamic control allows the system to respond to varying temperature requirements whether the vehicle is braking heavily, operating in freezing conditions, or requiring tire heating, while maintaining the high-pressure air supply from the front inlet.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Effectively manages brake system temperature by cooling during overheating, heating in freezing conditions, and improving tire performance, while also optimizing airflow for enhanced heat dissipation and system efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

a vortex tube having: an inlet arranged to collect air at a first temperature, and at a pressure substantially above atmospheric pressure; a high temperature outlet configured to supply a first stream of air at a second temperature substantially above the first temperature

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRanque-Hilsch effect: Ranque-Hilsch Effect

Implementation Method 2

Aerodynamic cooling of brake discs through convection is the primary mechanism by which the brake discs are cooled; however, in vehicles having a wheel well (such as cars) and in vehicles where the brake rotors are disposed within the barrel of the wheel, air around the brake discs is turbulent and relatively slow-moving

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

The inlet is usually located at the front of the vehicle so that ram pressure of the vehicles movement will provide introduction of high pressure air into the inlet

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRam pressure: Pressure Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP3642510B1Vehicle comprising a brake system and a brake duct system and method of controlling the temperature of said brake system
Publication Date: 2022.11.09 OGAB LTD
  • EP3642510B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The action of braking generates massive amounts of heat. It is known to install brake ducts (9), which channel air from the front of the vehicle to the brake discs (17). The air introduced by the brake ducts (9) is at an ambient temperature, much cooler than the brakes, and the airflow is closer to laminar (rather than turbulent) and continuously moves the hotter air away. This allows the brakes to shed heat at a faster rate and dramatically lowers the average operating temperature. The present invention provides a vortex tube (3) for supplying a stream of air (5) at a temperature substantially different from ambient temperature into brake ducts (9) to improve efficiency of the brake ducts (9).