Voxel-Based Weight Matrix for fMRI Feature Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for classifying fMRI data are hindered by high-dimensional feature vectors, leading to over-fitting and computational intensity, necessitating a method that reduces feature dimensionality while improving prediction performance.

Innovation Solution

The proposed method generates voxel-weight-based features by quantizing real-number sequences from fMRI data into finite sets, creating voxel-based weight matrices to calculate scores indicating the likelihood of data belonging to specific classes, effectively projecting high-dimensional data into a two-dimensional domain.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If high-dimensional feature vectors are used for fMRI data classification, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and computational intensity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclassification accuracyVSAvoidfeature vector dimensionality
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the most relevant features from high-dimensional fMRI data by identifying and selecting key voxels that contribute most to classification. This is achieved through feature selection algorithms that evaluate and retain only the most discriminative features, thereby reducing dimensionality while preserving classification accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the high-dimensional feature space into a lower-dimensional representation by projecting data onto a reduced set of principal components or selected voxel patterns. This dimensional transformation maintains the essential information needed for classification while eliminating redundant dimensions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If high-dimensional feature vectors are used for fMRI data classification, then measurement precision is improved, but over-fitting occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclassification accuracyVSAvoidmodel generalization
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes redundant and less informative features from the high-dimensional feature vector, keeping only the most relevant ones. This extraction process reduces the risk of over-fitting by eliminating features that do not contribute meaningfully to classification, thereby improving model generalization to unseen data.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies dimensionality reduction techniques that selectively process only the most critical features rather than using all available features. By focusing on a subset of key features, the model avoids the over-fitting problem associated with using excessive features while maintaining classification performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Measurement precision

If traditional feature extraction methods are used, then classification accuracy is maintained, but productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclassification accuracyVSAvoidprocessing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential features needed for classification rather than processing all features. This selective extraction significantly reduces computational workload and processing time while maintaining classification accuracy, thereby improving productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent reduces the dimensionality of the feature space through dimensionality reduction techniques, transforming high-dimensional data into a lower-dimensional representation. This transformation decreases the computational complexity of subsequent classification operations, improving processing efficiency without sacrificing accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Data Source

PatentUS11918336B2Reduced feature generation for signal classification based on position weight matrix
Publication Date: 2024.03.05 KING ABDULLAH UNIV OF SCI & TECH
  • US11918336B2 patent drawing
  • US11918336B2 patent drawing
  • US11918336B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A method for classifying input data includes receiving the input data that describe an object, wherein the input data corresponds to plural classes; associating the input data with voxels that describe the object; calculating a real-number sequence X(n), which is associated with a measured parameter P that describes the object; quantizing the real-number sequence X(n) to generate a finite set sequence Q(n), where n describes a number of levels; generating a voxel-based weight matrix for each class of the input data; and calculating a score S for each class of the plural classes, based on a corresponding voxel-based weight matrix. The score S is a number that indicates a likelihood that the input data associated with a given sample belongs to a class of the plural classes.