Virtualized Radio Access Point DSP Pipeline for Predictable PHY Timing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current virtualized radio access networks (vRANs) face challenges in achieving carrier-grade performance and reliability in cloud environments due to inefficiencies in digital signal processor (DSP) pipelines, including timing constraints, inter-task dependencies, and head-of-line blocking, which are exacerbated by the use of general-purpose CPUs.

Innovation Solution

A multi-thread DSP pipeline design that interlinks dedicated DSP workers to execute different processing tasks in parallel, utilizing a main DSP worker to coordinate and divide tasks into two phases, with early prediction mechanisms to ensure minimum viable subframes and efficient use of multi-core computing resources.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If general-purpose CPUs are used for virtualized RAN, then flexibility and cost-efficiency are improved, but reliability and performance predictability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveflexibilityVSAvoidperformance predictability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the DSP pipeline into multiple independent worker threads (first worker, second worker, third worker) that can execute different processing tasks in parallel. This segmentation allows the system to maintain flexibility through parallel task execution while improving reliability by isolating tasks to prevent head-of-line blocking from affecting the entire pipeline.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements early prediction mechanisms where the first worker predicts whether the second worker will complete its task within the required time window. This preliminary action allows the system to proactively identify and handle potential timing violations before they occur, ensuring predictable performance on general-purpose CPUs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Productivity

If pipeline depth is increased to complete jobs every TTI, then productivity is improved, but head-of-line blocking and unreliability worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvejob completion rateVSAvoidhead-of-line blocking
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the processing pipeline into multiple worker threads that can execute independently and in parallel. This segmentation eliminates head-of-line blocking by allowing tasks to be processed concurrently rather than sequentially, maintaining high productivity while improving reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from a single-threaded sequential pipeline to a multi-threaded parallel pipeline, adding the dimension of parallel execution. This allows the system to achieve both high productivity through parallel processing and high reliability by preventing blocking effects from propagating through the entire pipeline.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Productivity

If parallel workers are used to maximize throughput, then productivity is improved, but inter-task dependencies and coordination complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovethroughputVSAvoidcoordination complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the processing into distinct worker threads with clearly defined responsibilities. Each worker handles specific tasks (first worker for initial processing, second worker for parallel processing, third worker for finalization), which reduces coordination complexity compared to a fully coupled parallel system while maintaining high throughput.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces prediction mechanisms as intermediaries between workers. The first worker acts as a mediator by predicting the completion status of the second worker, enabling coordinated parallel execution without requiring complex synchronization protocols, thus maintaining simplicity while achieving high throughput.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Reliability

If dedicated computing platforms are used for DU, then reliability and predictability are improved, but flexibility and cost-efficiency deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovepredictabilityVSAvoidflexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the processing into multiple independent worker threads that can be dynamically scheduled and managed. This segmentation enables the system to achieve predictability through structured parallel execution while maintaining the flexibility of general-purpose CPUs, avoiding the need for dedicated hardware platforms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements prediction mechanisms that perform preliminary assessment of task completion status. This preliminary action enables the system to maintain predictability on flexible general-purpose CPUs by proactively managing timing constraints, eliminating the need for rigid dedicated hardware platforms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentUS12536038B2Virtualized radio access point, VRAP, and method of operating the same
Publication Date: 2026.01.27 NEC CORP
  • US12536038B2 patent drawing
  • US12536038B2 patent drawing
  • US12536038B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A method for operating a virtualized radio access point (vRAP) includes: providing a digital signal processor (DSP) pipeline including a number of DSP workers for execution of a plurality of threads of a physical layer (PHY) of the vRAP, wherein a thread of the plurality of threads includes a sequence of processing tasks, including at least one of processing an uplink, UL, subframe, performing UL and downlink, DL, resource scheduling and processing a DL subframe; and interlinking at least three dedicated DSP workers of the DSP pipeline in such a way that different processing tasks of the thread are executed in parallel.