VSWR Tolerant Tunable Hybrid Duplexer Architecture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional radio cellular systems with multiple non-tunable duplexers and switches lead to increased system cost and size due to the need for numerous duplexer-related components, which are affected by antenna load changes and mismatches, resulting in degraded isolation performance.
Innovation Solution
A tunable duplexer architecture incorporating dual hybrids, intra-filters, a tunable isolation load, and phase shifters, with one phase shifter at the isolation port and another at the antenna port, allowing for 90-degree phase difference to maintain isolation across varying antenna loads and mismatches.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional switches and non-tunable duplexers are used in multi-band systems, then band selection and signal routing are achieved, but system cost and size increase due to the growing number of duplexer-related components
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple band-specific duplexers into a single tunable duplexer that can dynamically switch between different frequency bands. This consolidation reduces the total number of components while maintaining multi-band operation capability through a unified structure with adjustable filtering characteristics.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs tunable filtering elements that can dynamically adjust their center frequencies and bandwidths to match different operating bands. This dynamic adaptability allows a single duplexer structure to replace multiple fixed-frequency duplexers, reducing system complexity while preserving versatility.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple band switches and duplexers are implemented, then frequency band selection is enabled, but total solution cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The tunable duplexer is designed as a universal component that can serve multiple frequency bands through electronic tuning mechanisms. This multi-functional design eliminates the need for separate dedicated duplexers for each band, thereby reducing the bill of materials and overall system cost while maintaining full band selection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes electrically tunable filtering elements whose resonant frequencies and impedance characteristics can be changed via control voltages. This parameter adjustability allows a single physical device to perform the functions of multiple fixed-frequency duplexers, reducing cost through component consolidation.
3Reliability
If conventional duplexers are used, then transmit and receive signal separation is achieved, but isolation performance degrades under antenna load changes and mismatches
Solution Approach 1:
The tunable duplexer incorporates impedance sensing and adaptive tuning mechanisms that monitor antenna load conditions and dynamically adjust filtering parameters to maintain optimal isolation. This feedback-based adaptation allows the system to compensate for VSWR variations and maintain reliable TX-RX separation across different operating conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs dynamically adjustable filtering elements that can adapt their frequency response in real-time to maintain isolation performance. Unlike fixed-frequency duplexers, these tunable elements can shift their passbands and stopbands to account for antenna impedance variations, preserving isolation reliability under mismatched conditions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution reduces system cost and size while maintaining high isolation between transmit and receive ports, even under mismatched antenna conditions, by dynamically adjusting to changes in antenna impedance and load, thereby enhancing overall system performance.
Implementation Method 1
The hybrid structures in FIG. 2(a) are 90 degree hybrid structures with a −3 dB power split on the quadrature ports. These hybrids are also known as 90 degree Hybrid couplers or Quadrature Couplers.
Implementation Method 2
a tunable isolation load... allowing for 90-degree phase difference to maintain isolation across varying antenna loads and mismatches
Implementation Method 3
with one phase shifter at the isolation port and another at the antenna port, allowing for 90-degree phase difference to maintain isolation
Implementation Method 4
Tunable filter TF2 receives V22 (the upper signal, or 'in-phase output'), and transmits almost all of this signal as V24 (due to low reflectivity Γ in the TX band, and high reflectivity Γ outside of the TX band)
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure describes a dual hybrid duplexer including two hybrid couplers, two intra-filters, a tunable isolation load, and a phase shifter. The phase shifter may be located at the isolation port. The phase shifter may be located at the antenna port. In one embodiment, a dual hybrid duplexer includes two hybrid couplers, two intra-filters, a tunable isolation load, a first phase shifter located at the isolation port, and a second phase shifter located at the antenna port. The first and second phase shifters have a difference of 90 degrees (plus or minus 10 degrees).