Semiconductor Wafer Metal Contamination Evaluation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for evaluating metal contamination in semiconductor wafers after heat treatment are unreliable due to interference from internal oxygen precipitates and minute defects, making it difficult to accurately determine localized metal contamination.

Innovation Solution

A method that analyzes multiple points on the wafer using either decreasing or increasing analysis values with metal contamination, employing probability distribution functions to identify abnormal values and determine the presence or absence of localized contamination, using techniques like µ-PCD or SPV methods.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If lifetime measurement or diffusion length measurement is used to evaluate metal contamination, then metal contamination can be detected, but internal oxygen precipitates and minute defects also decrease these values causing false positive results

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemetal contamination detection accuracyVSAvoidevaluation reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the wafer surface into multiple measurement regions and performs separate statistical analysis on each region. By segmenting the measurement data by spatial location, the method can identify localized contamination events distinct from widespread defect patterns, resolving the contradiction between detection sensitivity and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different evaluation criteria to different regions of the wafer based on local characteristics. By analyzing the spatial distribution and density of measurement values across different regions, the method can distinguish between localized metal contamination and uniform defect patterns caused by oxygen precipitates, thereby improving both detection accuracy and evaluation reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Measurement precision

If the number of measurement points is increased to improve statistical analysis, then evaluation precision improves, but measurement time and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveevaluation precisionVSAvoidmeasurement time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs measurements at a sufficient number of points to achieve statistical significance for localized region analysis, rather than exhaustive full-wafer coverage. By focusing measurements on regions where contamination is most likely to occur and performing targeted statistical analysis, the method achieves high evaluation precision without excessive measurement time or cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for precise evaluation of localized metal contamination, reducing false positives and negatives by focusing on abnormal values and accounting for factors like diffusion lengths and defect densities, ensuring high-quality semiconductor wafers are shipped without contamination.

Implementation Method 1

a first analysis method in which analysis values employed in evaluation decrease as an amount of contamination by a metal element that is to be evaluated increases

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMicrowave photoconductivity decay: Photoconductivity

Implementation Method 2

a second analysis method in which analysis values employed in evaluation increase as an amount of contamination by a metal element that is to be evaluated increases

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface photovoltage: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 3

contamination in the form of diffusion in the vicinity of contact portions during heat treatment by metal impurities that adhere to the semiconductor wafer due to contact with a contamination source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentEP2950337B1Method of evaluating metal contamination in a semiconductor wafer and method of manufacturing a semiconductor wafer
Publication Date: 2018.07.04 SUMCO CORP
  • EP2950337B1 patent drawingFigure 1(a)~1(b)
  • EP2950337B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2950337B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An aspect of the present invention relates to a method of evaluating metal contamination in a semiconductor wafer that has been subjected to a heat treatment, which comprises obtaining analysis values by analyzing a plurality of analysis points on a surface of the semiconductor wafer by a first analysis method or a second analysis method, wherein in the first analysis method, analysis values employed in evaluation decrease as an amount of contamination by a metal element that is to be evaluated increases, and in the second analysis method, analysis values employed in evaluation increase as an amount of contamination by a metal element that is to be evaluated increases, and wherein determination of presence or absence of localized contamination by the metal element that is to be evaluated is made by evaluating the analysis values based on the normal value specified by a probability distribution function.