Real-Time Waste Heating Value Estimation for Incinerator Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional waste combustion control methods face challenges in achieving timely and accurate combustion control due to the variability of waste properties, requiring lengthy sampling and analysis, and are often unsuited for real-time adjustments, leading to inefficiencies and errors in boiler evaporation estimation and heating value estimation.
Innovation Solution
A method that estimates the heating value of waste from actual component concentrations in combustion exhaust gas, calculates the boiler evaporation amount, and controls waste, combustion air, and combustion improver supply based on these estimates, allowing for real-time, continuous monitoring and adjustment of combustion parameters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If waste sampling and analysis is performed to determine heating value, then accurate combustion control can be achieved, but time delay occurs due to lengthy sampling and analysis processes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical sampling and laboratory analysis system with an optical measurement system. By using a probe to directly measure exhaust gas composition (O2, CO2, CO concentrations) at the combustion zone, the system eliminates the time-consuming mechanical sampling and chemical analysis processes while obtaining real-time heating value data for accurate combustion control.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces exhaust gas composition as an intermediary parameter to indirectly determine heating value. Instead of directly measuring waste heating value through sampling and analysis, the system measures the concentrations of O2, CO2, and CO in the exhaust gas, which serve as intermediaries that reflect the combustion state and allow real-time calculation of heating value without time delay.
2Productivity
If conventional combustion control methods are used with preset evaporation amounts, then boiler operation can be maintained, but combustion control accuracy deteriorates due to large errors in estimated heating value
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback control system that continuously measures exhaust gas composition and uses this real-time information to calculate current heating value. The system compares the calculated heating value with the preset evaporation amount and automatically adjusts combustion air supply and waste feeding rates, creating a closed-loop feedback mechanism that eliminates large estimation errors and maintains accurate combustion control.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary calculation of heating value based on exhaust gas composition before making combustion control adjustments. By first determining the actual heating value from real-time exhaust measurements, the system can then calculate the required adjustments to combustion air and waste feeding rates, ensuring accurate and timely combustion control without relying on inaccurate preset values.
3Ease of operation
If fire grate speed is adjusted to follow preset evaporation amount, then combustion can be controlled, but response time increases due to time delays in measurement and adjustment
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical adjustment process with an automated control system that uses real-time exhaust gas measurements. By continuously monitoring O2, CO2, and CO concentrations and automatically calculating heating value, the system eliminates the time delays associated with manual or mechanical adjustment of fire grate speed, enabling rapid response to combustion changes while maintaining operational stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements continuous measurement and adjustment of combustion parameters. The exhaust gas composition is measured continuously, heating value is calculated in real-time, and combustion air supply and waste feeding rates are continuously adjusted based on the calculated values. This continuous action eliminates the discrete, time-delayed adjustments of conventional systems, enabling rapid and stable response to combustion changes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables stable and efficient waste combustion control without time delays by accurately determining the current combustion state, optimizing boiler evaporation, and minimizing errors, thus improving combustion efficiency and reducing operational costs.
Implementation Method 1
in a process of subjecting a predetermined amount of waste to a combustion treatment
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3(A)~3(C)
AI summary
According to the present invention, information about a heating value of waste that is being incinerated is accurately and continuously obtained in real time, and combustion control of the waste is carried out without any time delay with respect to a current combustion state by using the information. Combustion control of an incinerator is carried out on the basis of the following steps. (1) Estimating a heating value of the waste from an actually measured component concentration in a combustion exhaust gas. (2) Estimating a boiler evaporation amount on the basis of the calculated waste heating value. (3) Controlling supply amounts of the waste, a combustion air, and a combustion improver introduced in the incinerator on the basis of the estimated boiler evaporation amount.