Biodegradable Waste Processing System with Hygienisation and Pyrolysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Biodegradable municipal waste, particularly catering waste, poses challenges in processing due to stringent hygienization requirements and the need for efficient air penetration during composting, leading to increased costs and complex handling regulations as per Commission Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002, which limits recycling options and imposes high fees for processing.
Innovation Solution
A complex equipment system and method for waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste that includes a crusher, hygieniser, biogas plant, drying line, pyrolyzer, and compaction machine, enabling the production of soil substrates, bio-coal, and energy outputs like heat, electricity, and Bio-CNG, while adhering to hygienization standards, and allowing for expansion with bio-nutrient waste integration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If catering waste is processed according to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 with hygienisation requirements, then health risks are reduced, but processing costs increase and recycling options are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple processing functions into an integrated system where a crusher, dryer, and biogas digester work together. The crusher reduces waste to particles with maximum dimension of 12mm, the dryer removes moisture to below 50%, and the biogas digester performs both energy production and hygienisation through controlled anaerobic digestion, eliminating the need for separate hygienisation equipment
Solution Approach 2:
The biogas digester serves multiple functions simultaneously: it produces biogas for energy, performs hygienisation by maintaining temperatures above 70°C for 60 minutes, and generates a hygienised compost product. This multi-functionality reduces overall system complexity while meeting all regulatory requirements
2Reliability
If catering waste is ground to particles with maximum dimension of 12mm and kept above 70°C for 60 minutes, then hygienisation requirements are met, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The waste is pre-crushed to particles with maximum dimension of 12mm before digestion, increasing surface area and facilitating more efficient heat transfer and microbial action. This preliminary size reduction allows the hygienisation process to occur more rapidly and at lower energy input during the digestion phase
Solution Approach 2:
The biogas digester uses the organic matter in the waste itself as the energy source for the digestion process. The decomposition of organic material generates heat that maintains the required temperature above 70°C, and the microbial activity drives the process without requiring external energy input for heating
3Quantity of substance
If biodegradable municipal waste is composted with bulk agents, then air penetration is improved, but processing time increases due to frequent turning requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical turning process with a biological digestion system. The anaerobic digester creates optimal conditions for microbial decomposition without requiring physical aeration or turning, as the process occurs in an oxygen-free environment where microbes break down organic matter through biochemical pathways rather than aerobic respiration
4Measurement precision
If catering waste is separated and processed separately, then hygienisation control is improved, but processing costs increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The system integrates catering waste processing with municipal bio-waste treatment in a single anaerobic digester. Both waste streams are crushed to appropriate particle sizes and processed together under controlled anaerobic conditions, achieving hygienisation of all materials simultaneously while sharing infrastructure and operational resources
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively processes biodegradable municipal waste, meeting hygienization requirements, producing a range of output products and energy outputs, thereby reducing costs and optimizing waste management while adhering to regulatory standards.
Implementation Method 1
a crusher, the output of which is connected to a hygieniser or a drying line in a controlled manner
Implementation Method 2
a process in which pathogenic microorganisms are eliminated or significantly reduced by the effect of high temperature and time
Implementation Method 3
biogas production from catering wastes
Implementation Method 4
a drying line, enabling the production of soil substrates
Implementation Method 5
The drying line output is connected either to a pyrolyzer with a second product output of bio-coal
Implementation Method 6
The drying line output is connected either to a pyrolyzer with a second product output of bio-coal, or is connected to a compaction machine
Data Source
AI summary
Complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste is solved in such a way that at the input (1) of BMW a crusher (2) is included, the output of with is connected to either a hygieniser (3) or a drying line (5). The output from the hygieniser (3) is connected to the biogas plant (4) input. The output of the bulk intermediate from the biogas plant (4) is connected to the drying line (5). The drying line (5) output is connected either to a pyrolyzer (7) with a second product output (7.1) of bio-coal or is connected to a compaction machine (8). The drying line (5) or the compaction machine (8) has the first product output (8.1) of soil substrate. From the pyrolyzer (7) to the drying line (5) there is a return loop included through a mixing device (6) with input (10) of bio-nutrient waste, whereby the compaction machine (8) included after the drying line (5) has a third product output (8.2).