Waste Building Material CO2 Binding in Entrained Flow Reactor
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for carbon dioxide storage are energy-intensive and may lead to further emissions, with limited long-term retention, especially in the cement industry, where carbon dioxide is released during production and reprocessing of old concrete is hindered by the difficulty in separating sand and cement.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the use of old building materials like cement stone, where the material is moistened to 5-25% by weight, introduced into a gas stream containing carbon dioxide in an entrained flow reactor, and processed to bind CO2 efficiently, allowing for quick conversion and separation without forming sludge, utilizing an entrained flow reactor to facilitate direct gas-phase reaction and easy separation of particles.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If carbon dioxide is injected into the ground for storage, then carbon dioxide can be stored, but long-term retention is not guaranteed and additional energy is required which may produce more carbon dioxide
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts harmful CO2 emissions into beneficial carbonated building materials. CO2 that would otherwise be wasted is transformed into a useful component of construction materials, simultaneously achieving storage and creating valuable products.
Solution Approach 2:
Old concrete and cement materials serve their own storage function by naturally absorbing and binding CO2 through carbonation reactions. The material itself becomes the storage medium, eliminating the need for external injection infrastructure and reducing energy requirements.
2Loss of substance
If old concrete is recycled to produce new cement, then resource conservation is achieved, but sand and cement components are difficult to separate and are inextricably mixed and bonded together
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the necessary cementitious components from old concrete for CO2 binding, leaving sand and gravel as separate fractions. This selective extraction avoids the need for complete separation while still achieving effective CO2 utilization.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different treatments to different components of old concrete. The cementitious fraction is processed for CO2 binding while the aggregate fraction is separated and reused directly, giving each component its appropriate function in the recycling process.
3Use of energy by moving object
If conventional fossil fuels are used for energy in cement production, then energy requirements are met, but carbon dioxide emissions increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts CO2 emissions from cement production and old concrete recycling into a valuable resource. The previously harmful greenhouse gas becomes the raw material for creating carbonated construction materials with improved properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses accelerated carbonation reactions to rapidly bind CO2 into the building materials. This accelerated process achieves high CO2 uptake in reduced time, making the process economically viable compared to natural carbonation.
4Reliability
If natural carbon dioxide absorption in old buildings is allowed to proceed, then some carbon dioxide is reabsorbed, but the process is very slow and only achieves around 20% relative to the calcium content
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic or continuous exposure to CO2-rich gas environments to accelerate the carbonation process. By controlling the gas flow and CO2 concentration, the process achieves high uptake rates that would take centuries to occur naturally.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes key parameters including CO2 partial pressure, temperature, and moisture content to optimize the carbonation reaction rate. These parameter adjustments transform the extremely slow natural process into a rapid industrial process achieving over 80% CO2 binding.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method achieves safe and durable carbon dioxide binding with low energy consumption, exceeding 80% CO2 absorption capacity, ensuring long-term storage without the need for complex or energy-intensive processes, and allows for the reuse of old building materials in construction.
Implementation Method 1
Introducing the waste building material into a carbon dioxide-containing gas stream and transporting the waste building material in the gas stream for at least 1 s in a fluidized bed reactor
Implementation Method 2
The process serves to bind carbon dioxide to a waste building material
Data Source
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Figure 3
AI summary
The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide removal system, wherein the carbon dioxide removal system has a gas feed (80), a treatment apparatus (40) downstream of the gas feed (80) in flow direction, a removal apparatus downstream of the treatment apparatus (40) in flow direction, and a gas outlet (56) downstream of the removal apparatus in flow direction, wherein the carbon dioxide removal system has a used building material feed, wherein the used building material feed (10) is connected to a moistening apparatus (30) for (10) transfer of the used building material, wherein the moistening apparatus (30) is connected to the treatment apparatus (40), wherein the removal apparatus is connected to a used building material outlet.