Water Heating Device with Dielectric Layer for Calcification Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Heating devices for water face issues with rapid temperature regulation due to low thermal inertia, leading to potential damage from calcifications, which existing technologies struggle to detect and prevent effectively.

Innovation Solution

A heating device with a thick-film heating element and a flat dielectric layer that monitors leakage current and heating conductor current, allowing for early detection of calcifications and overheating, using a controller to adjust power and prevent damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If high area performance heating elements are used to increase productivity, then heating efficiency is improved, but thermal inertia decreases leading to rapid temperature changes and potential damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating efficiencyVSAvoidtemperature stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by depositing a dielectric layer on the heating element surface before operation. This layer pre-establishes electrical insulation that prevents dangerous current leakage when calcifications form, allowing high power density operation without the usual safety risks. The dielectric layer is prepared in advance to handle future calcification issues.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The dielectric layer serves as an intermediary between the heating element and the water/calcifications. It mediates the electrical interaction by providing insulation, allowing the heating element to operate at high power while the dielectric layer prevents direct electrical contact with calcified deposits, thus maintaining both high productivity and safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Speed

If thick-film heating elements with high power density are used, then heating speed is improved, but the risk of local overheating and damage increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating speedVSAvoidoverheating risk
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback by continuously monitoring the electrical current through the heating element and detecting changes in the dielectric layer's insulation properties. When calcifications form and cause temperature changes, the dielectric layer's electrical characteristics change, providing feedback signals that indicate local overheating conditions, allowing for timely intervention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical temperature monitoring with electrical field-based detection. Instead of using thermal sensors that respond slowly, the system uses electrical current measurements through the dielectric layer to detect temperature changes and calcification formation, providing faster and more sensitive monitoring of overheating risks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If dielectric layers are used to monitor heating elements for calcification detection, then safety is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecalcification detection capabilityVSAvoidstructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The dielectric layer serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides electrical insulation to prevent current leakage, acts as a sensing element for calcification detection through electrical property changes, and protects the heating element from direct contact with water and deposits. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate monitoring systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The dielectric layer performs self-service by automatically changing its electrical properties in response to calcification and temperature changes, providing inherent monitoring capability without requiring external sensors. The layer's own electrical characteristics serve as the detection mechanism, eliminating the need for additional complex monitoring hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables early detection of calcifications and overheating, allowing for timely intervention to prevent damage, ensuring safe and efficient operation of the heating device.

Implementation Method 1

Its electrical resistance drops above 200°C or only above 300°C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature-dependent dielectric breakdown: Dielectric

Implementation Method 2

at least one heating element which has a single heating conductor or has a plurality of heating conductors connected in series

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3145273B1Heating device for heating water and a method for operating such a heating device
Publication Date: 2019.08.07 E G O ELEKTRO GERAETEBAU GMBH
  • EP3145273B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3145273B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3145273B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A heating device for heating water has a carrier on which at least one heating element is applied, which has one or more heating conductors connected in series. The heating device has a flat dielectric layer which essentially covers the heating conductors or the heating element. An electrically conductive connection area is provided on both sides of the dielectric layer with the same covering. At least one of the connection surfaces is connected to a controller for evaluating a leakage current as a current flow through the dielectric layer, and the heating element is connected to measuring means for monitoring a heating conductor current through the heating element. Both the leakage current and the heating conductor current are monitored over time and faults can be detected if there are noticeable changes.