Water Injector Cooling Water Space Temperature Regulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Water injectors for piston engines face challenges with hot and cold corrosion due to temperature fluctuations, which affect their longevity and performance, especially when water injection is used intermittently.
Innovation Solution
A water injector design that includes a cooling water space and a flow path allowing water to flow from the water channel into this space, creating a pressure drop to regulate temperature, preventing corrosion by maintaining a stable surface temperature through internal water circulation without external ducts, and featuring a helical groove in the injector needle to improve tribological properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If water injection is used to reduce NOx emissions by lowering combustion chamber temperature, then NOx emissions are reduced, but the water injector is subjected to both hot corrosion (when water injection is not in use) and cold corrosion (when water injection is in use)
Solution Approach 1:
The water flow is divided into two separate paths: one path through the water channel for injection into the cylinder, and another path through the cooling water space for temperature regulation. This segmentation allows the injected water to cool the combustion chamber while the cooling water space maintains the injector body temperature within safe limits, preventing both hot and cold corrosion.
Solution Approach 2:
The cooling water space acts as an intermediary thermal management system between the injected water and the injector body. It receives water from the water channel, uses it to regulate the temperature of the injector body, and then discharges it. This intermediary system prevents the injector body from experiencing extreme temperature fluctuations that would cause corrosion.
2Temperature
If water flows through the water injector during water injection, then the temperature of the water injector is reduced, but this can lower the temperature even too much causing cold corrosion
Solution Approach 1:
The water flow is divided into two separate paths: one path through the water channel for injection into the cylinder, and another path through the cooling water space for temperature regulation. This segmentation allows the injected water to cool the combustion chamber while the cooling water space maintains the injector body temperature within safe limits, preventing both hot and cold corrosion.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the temperature parameter of water at different locations. The injected water maintains low temperature for cooling the combustion chamber, while the cooling water space increases the temperature of water before it contacts the injector body, ensuring the body temperature stays above the dew point to prevent cold corrosion.
3Device complexity
If no cooling water space is provided, then the device complexity is reduced, but the water injector cannot regulate its temperature and is subject to both hot and cold corrosion
Solution Approach 1:
The cooling water space is integrated into the injector body structure, merging the cooling function with the existing water injection components. The flow path is arranged within the injector, combining the water channel and cooling water space into a single integrated structure, avoiding the need for separate external cooling systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The water supplied to the water injector serves multiple functions: it is injected into the cylinder for NOx reduction and simultaneously used in the cooling water space for temperature regulation of the injector body. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate cooling water supply systems.
4Device complexity
If a flow path is arranged between the water channel and the cooling water space, then water can be taken directly from the water injector for cooling without additional external ducts, but the flow path configuration must cause sufficient pressure drop to prevent cold corrosion
Solution Approach 1:
The cooling water space is integrated into the injector body structure, merging the cooling function with the existing water injection components. The flow path is arranged within the injector, combining the water channel and cooling water space into a single integrated structure, avoiding the need for separate external cooling systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the pressure parameter of water as it flows through the cooling water space. The flow path is designed to cause a pressure drop of at least 70% of the pressure in the water channel, which increases the water temperature to prevent cold corrosion of the injector body.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively regulates the temperature of the water injector, reducing corrosion and extending its lifespan by maintaining a stable surface temperature during both water injection and non-injection cycles, ensuring consistent performance and reducing the risk of hot and cold corrosion.
Implementation Method 1
the flow path is configured to cause a pressure drop that is at least 70 percent of the pressure in the water channel as the water flows from the water channel into the cooling water space
Implementation Method 2
a cooling water space for receiving a cooling water flow... The cooling water space helps regulating the temperature of the water injector
Implementation Method 3
the water that flows through the water injectors works as a cooling medium and reduces the temperature of the water injectors
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3~4
AI summary
The water injector (3) for injecting water into a cylinder (2) of a piston engine (1) comprises at least one nozzle hole (9) through which water can be injected into the cylinder (2), a water inlet (11) for receiving the water to be injected, a water channel (12, 13) connecting the water inlet (11) to the nozzle hole (9), an injector needle (10) for opening and closing fluid communication between the water inlet (11) and the nozzle hole (9), and a cooling water space (24) for receiving a cooling water flow.