Water-Soluble Dimeric Dyes That Avoid Fluorescence Quenching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing dimeric and polymeric fluorescent and colored dyes do not achieve the desired increase in brightness due to intramolecular fluorescence quenching, and there is a need for water-soluble dyes with increased molar brightness and variety of colors and fluorescent wavelengths.
Innovation Solution
Development of intensely colored and/or fluorescent water-soluble dyes with specific structures (I) and (II), which can be observed visually without illumination, and methods for their preparation and use in analytical methods, including staining and labeling of analyte molecules.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Illumination intensity
If dimeric and polymeric compounds comprising two or more fluorescent and/or colored moieties are prepared to increase brightness, then the signal intensity should increase, but intramolecular fluorescence quenching occurs and prevents the desired brightness increase
Solution Approach 1:
A non-fluorescent spacer or linker group is introduced between the fluorescent moieties in the dimeric or polymeric structure. This intermediary element physically separates the chromophores to prevent intramolecular quenching while maintaining the multimeric architecture, thereby preserving enhanced brightness without the energy loss from quenching interactions
2Adaptability or versatility
If water soluble dyes are developed for biomolecule labeling, then the dyes can be used in aqueous biological environments, but achieving high molar brightness while maintaining water solubility becomes challenging
Solution Approach 1:
The dye molecule is designed with differentiated regions: hydrophilic segments (such as charged groups or polar moieties) are positioned to interact with water and enhance solubility, while the fluorescent chromophore regions are structured to maximize brightness. This local differentiation allows the molecule to simultaneously achieve water solubility and high molar brightness in aqueous environments
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dyes provide enhanced visual detection capabilities for analyte molecules, offering increased molar brightness and versatility in color and wavelength options, suitable for various analytical applications.
Implementation Method 1
fluorescent and/or colored dyes are known to be particularly suitable for applications in which a highly sensitive detection reagent is desirable
Implementation Method 2
By appropriate selection of the dye, as described herein, visually detectable analyte molecules of a variety of colors may be obtained
Data Source
AI summary
Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (II):or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, L1, L2, L3, L4, M, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.