Water Vapor Observation Device Using Dual-Frequency Reflection
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional water vapor observing apparatuses struggle to accurately calculate water vapor amounts at specific positions, especially when rain clouds are not present or are distant from the observation point.
Innovation Solution
A water vapor observing apparatus that includes a transmitting part, a receiving part, and an arithmetic processor, which transmits and receives waves at different frequencies, calculates water vapor amounts based on level differences between reception signals from reflection waves off the ground or water surfaces, allowing for accurate water vapor distribution mapping across various locations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If water vapor amount is calculated based on reflection waves from rain clouds, then water vapor observation can be performed, but calculation cannot be performed when no rain cloud is located at the position concerned
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses ground surfaces and water surfaces as intermediary reflection targets instead of requiring rain clouds. These surfaces act as mediators that reflect transmission waves back to the receiving part, enabling water vapor amount calculation in areas without rain clouds. The reflection waves from these surfaces carry information about water vapor attenuation along the transmission path.
2Measurement precision
If dual-frequency transmission waves are used to calculate water vapor amount, then water vapor distribution can be obtained, but the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The transmitting part and receiving part are designed to handle multiple frequencies universally. The same hardware infrastructure transmits and receives both first and second transmission waves at different frequencies, eliminating the need for separate dedicated systems for each frequency, thus reducing overall system complexity while maintaining measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the transmission and reception functions into an integrated system that processes both frequencies through the same ground or water surface reflection path. The arithmetic processor merges the information from both frequency channels to calculate water vapor amounts, reducing the need for separate processing systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables reliable calculation of water vapor amounts at specific positions and provides a detailed distribution map, effectively addressing the limitations of existing technologies by integrating level difference detection and conversion modules to differentiate attenuation due to water vapor.
Implementation Method 1
a transmitting part transmitting a first transmission wave and a second transmission wave having different frequencies; a receiving part receiving first and second reception waves as reflection waves of the transmission waves
Implementation Method 2
different attenuation amounts or phase shift amounts caused by water vapor
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3(A)~3(B)
AI summary
The purpose is to reliably calculate a water vapor amount at a given position. A water vapor observing apparatus 1 may be configured to include a transmitting part 2 configured to transmit a first transmission wave and a second transmission wave having different frequencies, a receiving part 2 configured to receive, as reception waves, reflection waves caused by the transmission waves reflected on and returned from a ground surface portion or a water surface after passing through water vapor, and an arithmetic processor 10 configured to calculate an amount of the water vapor in a passing area of the transmission waves based on first reception information generated from a first reception wave obtained from the first transmission wave, and second reception information generated from a second reception wave obtained from the second transmission wave.