Waterborne UV Coating Viscosity Stability via pH Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

UV-curable, water-based coating compositions often exhibit poor pH and viscosity stability under alkaline conditions, leading to an undesired increase in viscosity over time due to hydrolysis of multi-functional (meth)acrylates present in these compositions.

Innovation Solution

A waterborne coating composition comprising a carrier fluid, an acid functional polymer, a neutralizing agent with a monofunctional tertiary amine having a pKa of no more than 9.5, and a hydrophobic multi-functional ethylenically unsaturated compound, which is cured using ultraviolet or electron beam radiation, maintaining viscosity stability for at least 28 days at elevated temperatures when neutralized to a pH of 7 to 9.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If UV-curable water-based coating compositions are used to achieve fast curing speed, then the curing rate is improved, but the viscosity stability under alkaline conditions deteriorates due to hydrolysis of multi-functional (meth)acrylates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecuring rateVSAvoidviscosity stability
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the pH parameter by using a buffered system that maintains pH between 7 and 9, preventing the alkaline hydrolysis that causes viscosity increase. This parameter control allows the coating to remain stable while still achieving fast UV curing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a buffer system as an intermediary that mediates between the alkaline conditions needed for application and the stability requirements. The buffer acts as a chemical mediator that maintains pH stability and prevents hydrolysis of the acrylate groups

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If multi-functional (meth)acrylates are used in UV-curable water-based coatings to enable crosslinking, then the curing performance is improved, but the pH and viscosity stability under alkaline conditions deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecuring performanceVSAvoidpH and viscosity stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent controls the pH parameter within a specific range (7-9) using a buffered system, which prevents the alkaline hydrolysis that would otherwise occur with multi-functional (meth)acrylates. This allows the coating to maintain both curing performance and stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite coating composition that combines UV-curable (meth)acrylate monomers with a buffered water-based system. This composite formulation allows the hydrophobic (meth)acrylates to provide crosslinking functionality while the buffered aqueous phase maintains pH stability and prevents hydrolysis

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composition remains viscosity stable under alkaline conditions, with a viscosity increase of no more than 50% after 28 days at 49°C, ensuring consistent performance and application on heat-sensitive substrates.

Implementation Method 1

the radiation curable coating composition is cured when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or electron beam radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotopolymerisation: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

a neutralizing agent comprising predominantly a monofunctional tertiary amine having a pK a of no more than 9.5... the neutralizing agent is present in an amount sufficient to neutralize the coating composition to a pH within the range of 7 to 9

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcid-base neutralization: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP2527372B1Waterborne, radiation-curable coating compositions and related methods
Publication Date: 2021.05.26 PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO INC

AI summary

Disclosed are waterborne, radiation-curable coating compositions. These coating compositions include a water-dispersible polymer and a hydrophobic multi-functional ethylenically unsaturated compound. The compositions are characterized by being viscosity stable at elevated temperatures and alkaline conditions.