Waveform Inversion for Non-Fixed Spread Geometries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional seismic data processing methods, such as full-waveform inversion, face challenges in handling non-fixed spread seismic surveys like towed array marine surveys, where receiver locations change with each shot, making shot stacking methods not directly applicable and reducing the effective aperture of the survey.
Innovation Solution
The technique involves simulating seismic data, separating it into matched and unmatched components, conforming and eliminating unmatched data, and performing inversion using shot-separation methods to include all acquired data, allowing for simultaneous modeling of multiple shots and reducing computational costs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If shot stacking methods are applied to non-fixed spread seismic surveys, then processing efficiency is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to receiver location variations
Solution Approach 1:
The method segments the seismic data processing into distinct components: separating common shot gathers into individual shot contributions, identifying matched receiver locations across shots, and processing these segmented components through waveform inversion. This segmentation allows precise handling of non-fixed spread geometries while maintaining processing efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention applies local quality by treating different receiver location scenarios differently: at matched receiver locations where multiple shots are recorded, shot stacking is applied for efficiency; at unmatched locations, individual shot processing is performed. This localized approach optimizes both processing speed and accuracy according to the specific geometric conditions at each receiver location.
2Measurement precision
If all acquired data is included in inversion, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases due to data conformance requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The method performs preliminary actions by pre-separating common shot gathers into individual shot contributions and pre-identifying matched receiver locations before the inversion process. This preliminary organization of data reduces the complexity during the actual inversion by having the data ready in the required format, eliminating the need for complex real-time conformance operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts and separates the individual shot contributions from combined common shot gathers, and extracts the matched receiver location information. By taking out these specific components beforehand, the inversion process can work with simplified, pre-processed data that requires less complex conformance operations while still including all relevant acquired data.
3Productivity
If simultaneous modeling of multiple shots is performed, then productivity is improved, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to data mismatching
Solution Approach 1:
The method segments the simultaneous modeling process by separating common shot gathers into individual shot contributions and identifying which shots are recorded at each receiver location. This segmentation enables simultaneous modeling to be performed accurately by ensuring that only appropriately matched shot data are combined, maintaining precision while achieving computational efficiency through parallel processing of segmented components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the inclusion of all acquired data in the inversion process, reducing the need for muting and allowing for more efficient processing of seismic data from non-fixed spread surveys, improving the resolution and accuracy of seismic velocity models.
Implementation Method 1
The sources impart acoustic waves having frequencies suitable to seismic prospecting—i.e., 'seismic signals'—into the geological formations
Implementation Method 2
separating the simulated seismic data into a plurality of data sets; conforming the simulated seismic data and the acquired seismic data to one another
Data Source
AI summary
Seismic data processing methods and computing systems are presented. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed that includes simulating a set of simulated seismic data from a set of acquired seismic data; separating the simulated seismic data into a plurality of data sets, wherein one set of data is matched in the acquired seismic data and one set of data is unmatched in the acquired seismic data; conforming the simulated seismic data and the acquired seismic data to one another using separated, simulated seismic data unmatched by a counterpart in the acquired seismic data from the acquired seismic data; and performing an inversion between the acquired seismic data and the separated, simulated seismic data after they are conformed to one another.